LNG: TESLARATI

Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft and United Launch Alliance’s Atlas V rocket are scheduled to lift off on their orbital launch debut no earlier than (NET) 6:36 am ET (11:36 UTC), December 20th, a little more than nine months after SpaceX’s Crew Dragon completed a similar attempt.

Officially known as their Orbital Flight Test (OFT), Starliner and Atlas V rolled around half a mile from ULA’s Vertical Integration Facility (VIF) to its LC-41 launch pad, all part of the company’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) facilities.

The final roll-out aboard ULA’s Atlas V mobile launch platform is the last major integration operation ahead of Starliner’s uncrewed launch debut – a week-long visit to the International Space Station (ISS). According to ULA President and CEO Tory Bruno, things are looking good for the duo to lift off tomorrow morning.

The 24 hours after roll-out will be filled with final checks of the rocket, spacecraft, and all other associated systems and teams. The crew access arm of SLC-41 was deployed and connected to the Starliner capsule to allow the astronaut close-out “Blue Team” to conduct final capsule preparations just as they would occur before a crewed launch. 3 hours before launch, the Blue Team will return to the capsule to complete final pressurization and leak checks and close out the capsule for flight.

The OFT will closely mirror the SpaceX Crew Dragon’s recent test flight – Demonstration-1 Mission, or Demo-1 – to the International Space Station (ISS) in March 2019. OFT will serve as the capsule’s proof of flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program (CCP). Starliner will launch aboard the ULA Atlas V and is expected to complete a round-trip flight to the ISS and return for landing at White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico approximately 8 days following launch.

The test flight will also deliver cargo to the crew currently aboard the ISS including Christmas presents and commemorative items such as tree seeds in homage to the Apollo era and silver Snoopy pins described by Boeing as a “preeminent lifetime honor in human spaceflight.”

Both CCP capsules are intended to serve as an astronaut taxi service to the ISS taking over for NASA’s space shuttle services which concluded in 2011. Following the successful completion of Friday’s test flight – and SpaceX’s upcoming In-Flight Abort test of Crew Dragon – both CCP partners expect to support crewed spaceflight by the close of 2020.

The Atlas V and Boeing Starliner are ready to complete the second-ever, first for Starliner, flight to the ISS under NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The launch attempt is currently targeting Friday, December 20th at 6:36am EST/ 1136 GMT from Florida. NASA will begin a livestream of the launch approximately an hour ahead of launch Friday morning at 5:30am EST.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

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The Volkswagen ID.3, the German auto giant’s first step in its efforts to embrace a fully-electric future, formally entered production last month. Despite this, reports from German business media have indicated that the ID.3 being built today are rolling off the factory without a complete software architecture. 

According to a report from Manager Magazin, the lack of a fully-complete software in the ID.3 is due to “massive software problems” that the company’s developers are encountering. As a result, ID.3 units that have been produced so far are reportedly being parked in specially-rented parking lots, where they await the installation of new software. This system is expected to be adopted for the first 10,000 ID.3 that are produced. 

A second wave of Volkswagen ID.3, which is expected to correspond to over 20,000 units, should be reworked. These vehicles, unlike the 10,000 units that preceded them, should be installed with Volkswagen’s latest software via “over-the-air” updates. This is a rather ambitious jump, but it is more than feasible considering that American automaker Tesla has been adopting an over-the-air model for years. 

There was once a time when the term “Tesla Killer’ was a hot keyword among the Silicon Valley-based electric car maker’s critics. Among them, the ID.3, with its affordable price and size, was hailed as a potential “killer” of the Tesla Model 3. The fact that the ID.3 was coming from one of the world’s biggest automakers was considered as a key edge against the Silicon Valley-made vehicle. 

Yet, similar to other EVs from traditional OEMs before it like the Jaguar I-PACE and the Audi e-tron, the ID.3 actually seems to be bogged down by details that traditional automakers are simply not very good at. Among these is software, something which Tesla CEO Elon Musk noted was a pain point for traditional car companies. 

That being said, Musk has shown significant support for Volkswagen and its electric car initiatives. The ID.3 is only the first vehicle in its modular MEB electric car kit, which means that several other EVs are coming through the pipeline in the near future. This is something that VW CEO Herbert Diess is very particular about. 

While Volkswagen is currently struggling with the software of the ID.3, the German automaker intends to eventually sell its software architecture to competitors. This would be a great idea for Volkswagen, but it would have to ensure that its software is working perfectly for its own electric cars first.

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Surveying teams are at the future site of Tesla’s Gigafactory 4 in Brandenburg, Germany preparing for the removal of trees and possible discovery and unearthing of World War II-era weapons.

Several photos posted by @Gf4Tesla on Twitter show numerous teams preparing for the deforestation of the site. While some expect a lashing-out from environmentalist groups, Grünheide Mayor Arne Christiani has stated that the trees in the area are of “inferior quality.” This leads him to believe there will be relatively no resistance from environmentally-conscious people. There is a sense of urgency to begin the removal of the forestation ahead of the usually heavy vegetation period that begins in March. Failure to begin deforestation before this time would make the clearing of land more time-consuming, laborious, and difficult.

+++live news ++++live news +++ Rushhhouer in the forest..😉 #Gruenheide Many surveying troops are on their way dividing the forest into plan squares for the big bomb clearance on 06.Jan.2020.#Gigafactory4 pic.twitter.com/aLpyIR388h

— #Gf4 #Gigafactory4 (@Gf4Tesla) December 18, 2019

The other issue that needs to be confronted before the land is considered “safe” to build on is the possible removal of bullets and undetonated explosives in the ground. The region is home to several famous battles, including the Battle of Seelow Heights that took place near Gigafactory 4’s planned location. This three-day fight took the lives of nearly 45,000 German, Soviet, and Polish soldiers in 1945, just five months before the conclusion of World War II. A company trained in the removal of explosive materials is stationed at the site and ready to remove any harmful materials that remain from historical battles.

Tesla has plans to begin Gigafactory 4 construction as early as January 2020 and has reportedly reached a purchase price with landowners for the 300 hectares of space. The initial phase of completion will yield an output of 250,000 cars, beginning with Model Y, and ramp to 500,000 and 750,000 in its second and third phases, respectively.

Gigafactory 4 was announced by Tesla CEO Elon Musk in November at an awards ceremony in Berlin, where Model 3 was recognized as the Best Midsize Car in the country. The location will be responsible for the production and distribution of its European-based electric cars.

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Aurorae are a dazzling light spectacle often visible at high-altitude locations here on Earth. They’re colorful and mesmerizing, but most of all, they’re mysterious.

A new study has found that this same phenomenon also happens on Mars. In research presented last week at the American Geophysical Union’s annual Fall meeting, scientists revealed that the most common form of Martian aurorae is called the proton aurora. 

Just like the auroras we see here on Earth, proton aurorae are formed when the solar wind—a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun—interacts with the atmosphere. That interaction often manifests itself as a mesmerizing swirl of colored lights in the night sky. 

On Mars, however, the auroras appear during the daytime and onlookers would need special ultraviolet glasses to see them. That’s because they’re invisible to the naked eye, but can be spotted with special UV instruments.  

These auroras aren’t just a future Martian tourist attraction, they have a scientific value. We could better understand how Mars is losing water to space and more about how the planet’s climate is changing.

Proton auroras were first discovered in 2016 by NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. MAVEN is investigating how the Red Planet lost its atmosphere and water, ultimately transforming its climate from one that may have supported life to one that is inhospitable.

The observed aurora can help researchers track the amount of water lost since the auroras are related to water loss.

“In this new study using MAVEN/IUVS data from multiple Mars years, the team has found that periods of increased atmospheric escape correspond with increases in proton aurora occurrence and intensity,” Andréa Hughes of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida said in a news release.

Auroras on both planets start with the same source: the solar wind. On Earth, they appear when the solar wind slams into our planet’s magnetic field. High-energy collisions occur as the charged solar particles interact with particles of atmospheric gas. Each type of particle produces a different colored light in the sky. 

Martian auroras start in much the same way, charged particles from the solar wind collide with a cloud of hydrogen that surrounds the red planet. When this happens, protons in the solar wind become neutral after stealing electrons from the hydrogen atoms. They then collide with other molecules in the Martian atmosphere, producing an ultraviolet glow.

Since the hydrogen cloud surrounding the planet is created in part by water being lost to space, this could give scientists a way to measure the amount of water lost over time. 

When the MAVEN team first observed the proton aurora, they thought they were witnessing an unusual phenomenon. “At first, we believed that these events were rather rare because we weren’t looking at the right times and places,” Mike Chaffin, a research scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) said in a statement. 

After Chaffin’s team took a closer look, they discovered that the proton auroras occur quite frequently, especially in the summer. This is probably due to seasonal variation in the hydrogen cloud that surrounds Mars. The team noted that during the Martian summer, the cloud lines up just right to produce near-constant auroras. 

But that’s not all. The researchers also discovered that as temperatures climb during the summer, rising dust clouds would carry water vapor away from the planet’s surface. That water vapor is then broken down into its components: hydrogen and oxygen. As more hydrogen escapes into space, it enhances the hydrogen cloud enveloping Mars and ultimately leads to more frequent (and brighter) proton auroras. 

“Observations of proton auroras at Mars provides a unique perspective of hydrogen and, therefore, water loss from the planet,” physicist Edwin Mierkiewicz of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Florida said in a statement.

“Through this research, we can gain a deeper understanding of the Sun’s interactions with the upper atmosphere of Mars and with similar bodies in our Solar System, or in another solar system, that lacks a global magnetic field.”

So, if we ever do make it to Mars, those first visitors are going to witness some truly out-of-this-world sights—as long as they packed their ultraviolet goggles.

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NASA says that SpaceX’s next big Crew Dragon flight test has slipped a bit further into 2020, a counterintuitively positive sign that the human-rated spacecraft’s next launch is firmly scheduled for the first month of the next decade.

Known as Crew Dragon’s In-Flight Abort (IFA) test, SpaceX opted to include the mission in its Commercial Crew contract, a decision NASA chose to leave up to its providers. Boeing, for example, chose not to perform a real-world in-flight abort test of its Starliner spacecraft, instead relying on a pad abort test and digital modeling to determine the spacecraft’s capabilities. NASA allowed this flexibility because it believes – at least theoretically – that it should be possible to determine whether a spacecraft can perform the most challenging abort scenarios without actually doing full-fidelity flight tests.

Given that NASA chose to perform an extremely expensive full-fidelity in-flight abort test with its own Orion spacecraft just a few months ago, one can’t exactly say that the space agency has chosen to reap what it’s sown, but with any luck, the Starliner spacecraft will never have to perform such an abort and find out how close Boeing’s modeling is to reality.

It’s also worth noting that despite the fact SpaceX elected to perform an extra abort test that will likely destroy an entire Falcon 9 rocket, Crew Dragon development will cost NASA $2 billion (40%) less than Starliner, while each operational Crew Dragon launch will also cost some $250 million (39%) less than a comparable Starliner launch.

As of December 18th, NASA says that SpaceX’s In-Flight Abort (IFA) test has slipped a week from January 4th to January 11th, 2020. Counterintuitively, that delay is actually an extremely encouraging sign that Crew Dragon’s next launch is quite firmly set for the first month of 2020. For reference, as NASA and SpaceX approached Crew Dragon’s Demo-1 orbital launch debut earlier this year, the mission was initially set for January 17th. Around three weeks later, NASA announced that Demo-1 had slipped to no earlier than (NET) “February”. Four weeks after that delay, NASA once again announced another delay to March 2nd, which would turn out to be the day that Crew Dragon really did reach orbit for the first time.

On the other hand, IFA – Crew Dragon’s second launch – had its first firm launch date (January 4th) announced by NASA on December 6th, 2019. Less than two weeks later, NASA says that the launch date has slipped by exactly one week to January 11th, less than four weeks from today. It’s entirely possible that SpaceX’s IFA test will slip further into 2020 in the coming weeks, but compared to Crew Dragon’s Demo-1 mission, both NASA and SpaceX appear to be far more confident in the schedule for Crew Dragon’s second launch.

Regardless of when exactly it lifts off, Crew Dragon’s In-Flight Abort is going to be an extremely challenging test for the spacecraft. Designed to simulate a near-worst-case abort scenario during launch, SpaceX will essentially trick Dragon into believing that Falcon 9 has failed around a minute and a half after launch. At that point, the rocket and spacecraft will be traveling as fast as Mach 2.5 (860 m/s, 1900 mph) and experiencing what is known as Max Q, the point of peak aerodynamic stress (referring to heating, buffeting, pressure, and more).

At that exact point, Crew Dragon capsule C205 will ignite all eight of its SuperDraco abort engines, almost instantaneously producing 130,000 lbf (570 kN) of thrust to send the spacecraft almost a kilometer (0.5 mi) away from Falcon 9 in just a few seconds. If Crew Dragon survives the ordeal, it will quickly detach its trunk section, flip around to face its heat shield towards the ground, and ultimately deploy parachutes before gently landing in the Atlantic Ocean.

SpaceX plans to recover and reuse the otherwise orbit-worthy capsule on a future mission, likely one of the company’s upcoming CRS2 space station resupply launches. Finally, if everything goes exactly as planned during the In-Flight Abort test and both NASA and SpaceX see no issues with the flown hardware or data the test produces, Crew Dragon Demo-2 – the spacecraft’s first astronaut launch – could potentially be ready for flight as early as February or March 2020.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

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The first week of December kicked off a flurry of productivity for NASA Commercial Crew Program partners SpaceX and Boeing. Ahead of crewed astronaut flight in 2020, both partners are working toward the completion of integral test flights of the two crew capsules that will carry astronauts to orbit from American soil for the first time since 2011.

While SpaceX nailed down a firm targeted launch date for the upcoming in-flight abort (IFA) test of its Crew Dragon capsule, Boeing and launch provider United Launch Alliance (ULA) worked to complete what is known as an Integrated Day of Launch Test (IDOLT) – a standard procedure ahead of human-rated spaceflight.

This type of rehearsal was routinely completed during the space shuttle era – then referred to as Terminal Countdown Demonstration Tests. The IDOLT was a final major step ahead of the orbital flight test (OFT) of the Atlas V and Boeing Starliner capsule. The upcoming flight test will closely reflect procedures completed by SpaceX with the Falcon 9 and Crew Dragon capsule during its version of the orbital flight test referred to as Demonstration Mission – 1 which previously occurred in March of 2019.

Earlier in the week, ULA rolled out its mighty Atlas V rocket topped off with the Starliner crew capsule from the Vertical Integration Facility to the Space Launch Complex – 41 launchpad at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Once at the launchpad, the Crew Access Arm featuring a “white room” at the end that secures to the Starliner capsule to allow astronaut entrance was swung to the capsule for the very first time.

On Wednesday, December 4th, ULA and Boeing teams prepared to support the IDOLT, while SpaceX teams worked nearby at Space Launch Complex – 40 to support the CRS-19 resupply mission to the International Space Station. The simultaneous preparations resulted in the unique opportunity to view both rockets slated to support crewed astronaut flights in 2020 on launchpads and essentially prepared for flight.

While SpaceX ultimately successfully launched and landed a brand new Falcon 9 booster during the CRS-19 mission on Thursday, December 5th, a scrubbed attempt meant a one-day delay of launch which in turn resulted in a one-day delay for Boeing and ULA’s IDOLT and wet dress rehearsal (WDR).

The scrubbed launch essentially tied up range operations of the 45th Space Wing so that the area around the active launch pads – air, sea, and land – could not be secured for both events to take place on the same day. As the CRS-19 launch was an active operation for both SpaceX and NASA, it took precedence over ULA and Boeing’s rehearsal. Instead, Thursday was used to complete other necessary vehicle testing by Boeing and ULA.

Friday’s IDOLT ahead of Starliner’s flight debut for the OFT was a coordinated effort by NASA, Boeing, and ULA teams in multiple locations around the country.

The teams went through actual fueling procedures the Atlas V rocket and Centaur upper stage. Atlas V was filled with a type of rocket-grade kerosene propellant, RP-1, on Wednesday ahead of the IDOLT. The Centaur upper stage fully filled with cryogenic propellants – liquid oxygen (LOx) and liquid hydrogen.

Once fueling had completed Boeing’s “Blue Team” entered the pad to begin their synchronized rehearsal portion of the launch day sequence to prepare and secure the Starliner capsule and astronauts flying aboard.

Once the Blue Team completed all tasks and were evacuated from the pad, flight controllers from NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX gave the “GO” command and proceeded with terminal count until reaching T minus-0 at which point the test concluded. The cryogenic propellants were drained and the vehicle was safed to be safely returned to the Vertical Integration Facility where final steps will be taken to prepare for launch.

The next time the teams will all work together in such coordinated fashion this will be on the day of launch. In mid-2020 the teams are expected to work together once again to support the Crewed Flight Test (CFT) which will send NASA astronauts Col. Mike Fincke, Nicole Mann, and Christopher Ferguson.

Until then, however, they will have to settle for the uncrewed test flight. According to ULA president and chief executive officer, Tory Bruno, post-WDR data evaluation and joint flight readiness review conducted by all teams involved are proceeding smoothly. Should all go to plan, the Atlas V and Boeing Starliner OFT will launch at 6:36 am EST on Friday, December 20th.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

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The Tesla Cybertruck continues to grow on more and more people. Since its unveiling, auto experts and actual truck owners have come to defend the vehicle, dubbing the all-electric pickup as a bold move in function and form. The Cybertruck has indeed impressed its own fair share of Tesla critics, including, as it turned out, Shark Tank judge Kevin O’Leary, better known by his tongue-in-cheek nickname Mr. Wonderful. 

Kevin O’Leary has not always been a fan of Tesla, particularly its stock, at one point even admitting that he hated TSLA. He has since changed his stance on the electric car maker, even investing in Tesla himself after seeing the capability of the company to attract the best and most driven talents available. Yet, despite this, O’Leary is still as sharp and critical as ever. In true Mr. Wonderful style, O’Leary is never one to hesitate when calling out something he deems as a failure. 

One could recall a Shark Tank episode from 2016 involving aspiring entrepreneur Allison DeVane, whose idea for her business, Teaspressa, failed to get a positive response from any of the sharks. Shark Tank judge Lori Greiner was quick to console the contestant, saying “Don’t look at this as a failure.” O’Leary promptly countered, saying “Look at this as a failure.” His statement was met with much disdain from fellow Shark Tank judges and viewers alike, with fellow shark Mark Cuban telling O’Leary to “shut up.” Fans of the show also stated that it seemed all too easy for Mr. Wonderful to kick someone that was already down. 

O’Leary has always been a direct and somewhat brash critic. In the case of the Tesla Cybertruck, Mr. Wonderful will likely be one of the first to say that the vehicle has no chance in the market. Yet, in a recent conversation with noted YouTube tech reviewer Marques Brownlee, O’Leary admitted that he actually placed a reservation for the upcoming all-electric pickup. He is even getting the tri-motor AWD variant so that he gets maximum range and power for long trips. Discussing his reservation, O’Leary stated that the Cybertruck is not really a pickup truck in the traditional sense of the word. 

“It’s not a pickup truck. It’s some kind of other thing, but it’s grown on me. That Elon guy, he kind of steps ahead. He kind of reminds me of Steve Jobs in a way. I used to work for Steve in educational software and I’d always say to him ‘Steve, what about the research.’ He said ‘Screw the research.’ People don’t know what they want until I tell them.’ And I said, ‘You arrogant prick. How can you say that?’ And he was 100% right. That was it. He was not an easy guy to work for, I gotta tell you. And I’m trying to be nice,” O’Leary said. 

O’Leary’s statements about market research are true. Tesla and Elon Musk did not do traditional market research for the Cybertruck, which is among the reasons why the vehicle in itself is so radical. Despite this, the vehicle is also a culmination of exchanges between Elon Musk and the online community, with both parties brainstorming features and capabilities that are most important in an all-electric pickup. As Mr. Wonderful said, people like the legendary Steve Jobs and Elon Musk are steps ahead. For visionaries such as these, market research may not be a very useful tool at all.  

Watch Mr. Wonderful and MKBHD’s conversation in the video below. 

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Tesla Cybertruck can turn into a Cybercamper? That’s most likely the case as CEO Elon Musk hints that the truck bed will be comfortable enough for camping even when the tonneau cover is closed because the Cybertruck’s climate control system will be able to pump cold or warm air into the enclosed space.

Additionally, Musk confirms that there might be partial access from the second-row seats to the Cybertruck’s bed.

Yes, probably & partially

— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) December 18, 2019

If such features will make it to the production version of all-electric Cybertruck, they will add to the versatility and adaptability of the vehicle as Tesla promised during its unveiling. It may also extend the appeal of the Cybertruck and attract the market looking for vehicles that they can use for adventure and for enjoying the outdoor lifestyle.

The idea of sleeping and camping in the Cybertruck popped up during a Twitter exchange when user Lex Acevedo asked Musk about the possibilities to which the Tesla CEO replied with a short phrase, “Yes, probably & partially.”

On how Tesla will make the Cybertruck camping features a reality is still unknown but renders of the vehicle suggest that the car manufacturer has thought of having a camper configuration using modular accessories, so adapting the settings for a closed tonneau cover for sleeping or camping might also be on the drawing board.

Likewise, early snapshots of the Cybertruck’s interior show a large center armrest in the rear that can possibly fold down to access a partial opening that may come useful for those who haul extra-long cargo.

Tesla fans also spotted a latch that hints of folding rear seats, which can give access to more storage space or can fold the seats down to make the rear cabin roomier or possibly fold down to extend the area of the Cybertruck’s bed so it will be more comfortable for those who want to camp in it while the tonneau cover is closed. This is also being suggested by other Tesla fans such as Twitter user @Ko_Sulli who chimed in during the conversation about Cybertruck requested features.

Like this: pic.twitter.com/PXvXlOKEwy

— KO_Sulli (@KO_Sulli) December 10, 2019

The Cybertruck has an available storage space of 100 cubic feet and future owners will certainly welcome if Tesla will add features that will make it easier for them to make the most of the vehicle.

The Cybertruck, aside from its dystopian design, is a potent pickup truck with its top-tier Tri Motor All-Wheel Drive version capable of sprinting from 0-60 mph in 2.9 seconds. It also has a towing capacity of 14,000 lbs. This iteration of the Cybetruck will be out by 2021 together with its Dual-Motor sibling. The entry-level version will hit the production line in 2022.

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