LNG: TESLARATI

Tesla rival Volkswagen has taken a stand against a debunked yet insistent argument against all-electric vehicles. In a recent study involving one of its  most popular vehicles, the German automaker declared that EVs have a smaller carbon footprint than their internal combustion-powered counterparts, even if they are not charged from renewable sources.

Volkswagen used two of its vehicles, a Golf TDI and an e-Golf for its study. The e-Golf produced 57g/km of carbon dioxide per vehicle, which is higher than the Golf TDI’s 29g/km of CO2 per vehicle. This is the only time that the electric car’s carbon footprint exceeded that of its diesel counterpart, since when it came to charging and operating the vehicles, the e-Golf proved far cleaner than its diesel-powered sibling.

Driving the Golf TDI resulted in an average CO2 output of 111g/km, which was notably higher than the 62g/km CO2 produced by the e-Golf when charging. Volkswagen estimated that this figure could drop to as low as 2g/km if the electric car were charged using renewable energy. With these calculations in mind, the German carmaker noted that the diesel-powered Golf TDI produced an average of 140g/km over its lifetime. The e-Golf, on the other hand, produced an average of 119g/km over its lifetime.

The Volkswagen-backed study mirrors the findings of a previous analysis by research organization BloombergNEF, which concluded that the CO2 emissions produced by electric vehicles charged from non-renewable power were still 40% lower than cars operating with internal combustion engines. This gap, of course, is set to get smaller with the introduction of more efficient battery technology and more sustainable automotive manufacturing processes.

Credit is due to Volkswagen for taking a stand against a persistent piece of misinformation that has been peddled for years. The study, if any, is yet another sign that one of Germany’s largest of automakers is beginning to take the upcoming electric car revolution seriously.

This is highlighted by Volkswagen’s recent public comments, as shown when the carmaker acknowledged Tesla for establishing that the demand for electric vehicles is there. The company also made headlines when CEO Herbert Diess encouraged BMW and Daimler to commit to an all-electric future. After Das Auto’s agreement, BMW member of the board Klaus Fröhlich confirmed that Germany would be moving away from other alternative forms of propulsion like hydrogen, as the country’s automakers will be focusing on all-electric vehicles instead.

While Volkswagen is arguably one of Tesla’s loudest rivals with its constant releases of concept all-electric vehicles that are yet to enter production, the company has shown some earnest interest in the electric car maker’s work. During the final days of Elon Musk’s short-lived attempt to take Tesla private last year, the CEO received a number of offers from investors willing to fund company’s privatization at $420 per share. The deal, which was estimated to cost around $30 billion, attracted a number of prominent investors, one of which was none other than Volkswagen AG.

Volkswagen’s electric car emissions study could be accessed here.

According to SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, the next round of Starhopper activity will focus on removing the spacecraft prototype’s tethers and performing far more substantial hop tests.

Longer tests demand that SpaceX begins expanding the known performance envelope of its full-scale Raptor engine. Towards that end, longer-duration tests would need to be done at the company’s McGregor, TX development facilities to reduce risk, tests that Musk confirmed are already well underway. A recent Raptor static fire reportedly lasted no less than 40 seconds, more than enough time for a single-engine Starhopper to significantly expand both the maximum altitude and velocity of future hop tests. In support of the upcoming Starhopper test campaign, significant construction work is also ongoing at SpaceX’s Boca Chica test and development facilities.

Unleashing the Hopper

During the months of March and April, SpaceX’s South Texas team effectively completed Starhopper and put the prototype through its first real tests. The process began with tank proof tests in which Starhopper’s tanks were filled with liquid nitrogen – relatively neutral and unreactive – to safely identify and repair any leaks, while also subjecting the vehicle to cryogenic temperatures. The proof testing also put the newly installed ground systems (GSE) and vehicle-pad connection hardware through their paces before moving to Starhopper’s nominal liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellant.

Following at least half a dozen or so wet dress rehearsals (WDRs) that saw Starhopper loaded with LOx and methane, SpaceX technicians analyzed the health of the prototype and soon began live tests with a Raptor engine installed. Designed to produce no less than 2000 kN (450,000 lbf, 205 mT) of thrust at full throttle, Raptor offers more than twice the max thrust of the latest variant of the Merlin 1D engine that powers Falcon 9 and Heavy (941 kN or 212,000 lbf). In other words, a single Raptor should be more than enough to lift Starhopper off the ground 150+ tons of propellant aboard.

After several unsuccessful test attempts, Starhopper completed two static fires (<10s combined) and hopped – tethered – a handful of feet off the ground on April 3rd and 5th, three weeks after Raptor was first installed. Days later, the lone Raptor engine was removed from Starhopper and shipped back to SpaceX’s Hawthorne, CA factory or McGregor, TX testing facilities for post-test analysis and inspection. In short, SpaceX used Starhopper as a sort of ad hoc test stand for the second serial Raptor (SN02) produced, completing two major acceptance tests simultaneously.

A handful of concise tweets published by Musk in the last few days of April implicitly confirmed that the next steps for Starhopper involved untethered flights off its South Texas pad, once again powered by a single Raptor engine. As both the prospective altitudes and flight times rise for future Starhopper tests, so do the risks posed to SpaceX’s adjacent facilities and the prototype itself. To minimize those risks and progress the Raptor program as a whole, SpaceX has been extensively testing the third serial Raptor (SN03) at its McGregor facilities. Instead of a rushed test regime similar to the one that almost completely destroyed Raptor SN01 less than two weeks after testing began, SN03 is participating in a more cautious and systematic series of tests.

Confirmed by Elon Musk, this included significantly increasing the length of Raptor SN03’s latest static fires, culminating in an April 27th test that lasted ~40 seconds. Above all else, long test fires are necessary to demonstrate that Raptor can reliably operate for dozens of seconds at a time, given that any failure leading to a loss of thrust could cause Starhopper – basically a controlled explosive device – to fall out of the sky. The famous Musk/SpaceX ethos of moving fast and breaking things does not preclude a pragmatic attitude towards the destruction of facilities and prototypes that could take months and millions of dollars to rebuild.

The ETA of future hop tests is unclear. For the time being, it appears that SpaceX’s South Texas facilities will be caught up in construction work for at least another week. Whether or not Raptor SN03 is next in line for installation on Starhopper, SpaceX will likely put it through several more long-duration static fires before moving ahead with untethered hop tests. All things considered, the rough Starship prototype is unlikely to restart powered testing for another two or so weeks. Stay tuned!

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When Elon Musk unveiled the next-generation Tesla Roadster back in November 2017, he shocked the electric car community by revealing that the all-electric supercar has a range of 620 miles per charge. That’s 1,000 kilometers between charges. The figures are pretty much insane, even by today’s standards.

There are now indications that the next-generation Tesla Roadster will go even farther in between charges. Elon Musk mentioned this on Twitter, stating that the range of the upcoming vehicle will be “above 1,000 km.” Musk was responding to Ride the Lightning podcast host Ryan McCaffrey then, who was inquiring if the efficiencies recently introduced to the Model S and X will make it to the all-electric supercar.

A lot has happened since Tesla unveiled the next-generation Roadster. In true Silicon Valley fashion, Tesla never really stopped innovating since then, particularly in terms of its battery technology. Tesla Automotive President Jerome Guillen mentioned this in a previous interview, stating that the company’s batteries are never frozen since they are always in a state of improvement. The same is true for the vehicles’ other components, such as their electric motors.

These efficiencies and improvements were showcased recently when Tesla rolled out updates for the Model S and Model X, its two flagship vehicles. The premium sedan and SUV received several enhancements, such as better charging speeds and adaptive suspension. More importantly, the new Model S and Model X were given more range despite retaining the size of their battery packs. As revealed by Tesla, the 100 kWh variants of the Model S now have 370 miles of range per charge, while the 100 kWh versions of the far heavier Model X now has 325 miles of range.

These are incredibly impressive figures for Tesla’s vehicles. Rivian’s acclaimed R1T and R1S pickup and SUV are capable of going 400 miles per charge, but the vehicles require a 180 kWh battery pack. Motor Trend‘s test of the updated Model S showed that the 100 kWh sedan could probably reach the 400-mile mark in normal driving conditions. So how do these relate to the Roadster and its range? Well, the all-electric “hardcore smackdown to gasoline cars” is equipped with a 200 kWh pack.

Coupled with Tesla’s latest efficiencies, one can only imagine how much farther the Roadster could go with its monster battery. This range will likely be a big difference-maker for the next-gen Roadster, considering that conventional supercars are not exactly known for their fuel-efficiency. The Lamborghini Aventador gets up to 11 mpg in the city and 18 mpg on the highway, which gives it a range of around 428.4 miles of range on the highway and 261.8 miles in the city on a full tank. Higher-end cars like the Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport consume even more gas, only lasting 51 miles on a tank at top speed.

Tesla’s electric motors are expected to last a million miles, and Elon Musk himself has mentioned that the company is developing batteries that also last a million miles. With these, it appears that the next-gen Roadster might not only be an electric car that can outrun gasoline-powered supercars; it might be a vehicle that will far outlast the best supercars on the market as well.

Tesla recently had a Model Y on display for employees to see outside of its seat factory at 901 Page Street in Fremont, California, roughly 3 miles from the company’s main factory. In photos posted by multiple Reddit users, it appears the same deep blue metallic Model Y driven on stage and used for test drives at the car’s unveiling event last month was available in the building’s parking lot for a closer look.

The vehicle on display is outfitted with chrome-delete trim, a look that’s popular with the Tesla aftermarket community yet a standard factory offering for the Model Y. Additionally, the all-electric crossover is seen with Tesla Sport Wheels in the color black. Tesla offers Sport Wheels in silver as a $1,500 option in the Model 3 and Model Y online configurator.

Tesla Model Y outside Fremont seat factory. | Image: Reddit u/hunrob

Tesla Model Y outside Fremont seat factory. | Image: Reddit u/backstreetatnight

Tesla Model Y outside Fremont seat factory. | Image: Reddit u/backstreetatnight

Tesla Model Y outside Fremont seat factory. | Image: Reddit u/backstreetatnight

The final production location for the Model Y is yet to be decided, as noted by CEO Elon Musk during Tesla’s Q1 2019 earnings call. He subsequently estimated a decision on the matter would be made within the next few weeks, the current close call being between the Fremont factory and Gigafactory 1 in Sparks, Nevada.

Space is limited in Fremont with the Model S, Model 3, and Model X lines already being produced there, and in Tesla’s Q4 2018 full year update, Musk indicated that the company’s Nevada facility might be the best manufacturing location for Model Y. Musk jokingly hinted that sprung structures, i.e., heavy-duty “tents” similar to those used to help expand Model 3 production, could be an option if space was limited wherever Model Y was ultimately made. “I’m a fan of tents, like real, hardcore tents,” Musk mused.

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Model Y appearance at work this week. Perfectly sized in my opinion. 😎 #chromedelete #modelY #ev 🚗

A post shared by Dave Chan (@modus_ops) on Apr 27, 2019 at 10:04am PDT

Tesla’s Model Y is expected to be the highest-volume-production vehicle for the company when it goes on sale, even exceeding the mass market Model 3. In California, for example, Tesla was the highest sold alternative powertrain brand in 2018, and Model 3 represented 55% of all battery-electric vehicle sales. The popularity of the crossover SUV market is driving future Model Y sales predictions, and Elon Musk has anticipated a demand and delivery schedule that equates to 1 million units per year.

Production of the Model Y is expected to take place in late 2020 with the first deliveries beginning shortly thereafter.