Tesla’s Robotaxi service will be an inevitable player in the autonomous taxi race


Elon Musk envisions the Tesla Network to be comprised of full self-driving vehicles being used as a ride-hailing service. During Tesla’s Autonomy Day presentation last month, Musk mentioned that owners operating their vehicles as part of the Tesla Network’s “Robotaxi” service could earn as much as $30,000 per year. Musk has set his sights on the autonomous mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) market, and during a call following Tesla’s announcement of a capital raise, the CEO noted that Robotaxis could ultimately push the company towards a market cap of $500 billion.

While Musk’s Robotaxi concept has been dismissed (and to a point, even mocked) by Tesla skeptics, the era of autonomous ride-hailing services appears all but certain nonetheless. As early as 2014, former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick was predicting that the ride-hailing industry will eventually shift to self-driving cars. Speaking at the 2014 Code Conference, the Uber CEO stated that “This (autonomous vehicles) is the way the world is going. If Uber doesn’t go there, it’s not going to exist either way. The world isn’t always great,” he said, admitting that Uber’s own drivers will likely lose their work as a result of the self-driving revolution.

These points were recently echoed by Amnon Shashua, who is currently serving as senior vice president at Intel and CEO of Mobileye, Tesla’s former partner for its Autopilot hardware. At a recent sit-down interview with CNBC‘s Jon Fortt, the Mobileye CEO noted that robotaxis would indeed be a game-changing element in the transportation industry. Shashua also stated that by simply removing human drivers from the equation, ride-hailing companies would immediately see significant savings.

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“What is really the game-changing element is going from a human-driven ride-hailing service to a robotaxi service. Where the driver today is 80% of the economics. Once you remove the driver and you replace it with CapEx — the cost of the car, the cost of the technology, and you can, you can have the cost of technology for a few tens of thousands of dollars. It is game-changing in terms of the discount that you can provide on the current ride-hailing business, 40% to 50% discount on the existing ride-hailing service, and still make a viable business; viable in terms of high profitability,” Shashua said.

Based on Tesla’s plan for its Full Self-Driving suite, the electric car maker is already pursuing these cost savings well before launching its Robotaxi service. Musk estimates that Tesla can run a Robotaxi service for around $0.18 per mile, thanks in part to the advantages that come with all-electric vehicles, such as little maintenance and no fuel costs. Tesla’s Full Self-Driving computer, which was developed in-house and tuned specifically for the company’s vehicles, is also expected to be cheaper than comparable components from chipmakers such as Nvidia. ARK Invest analyst James Wang, who used to work for Nvidia, noted that Tesla’s FSD computer effectively puts the electric car maker around four years ahead of rival automakers in the self-driving race.

Based on the comments from the Mobileye CEO, the previous predictions of the former Uber CEO, and the recent statements from Elon Musk, it appears that the transportation sector is indeed heading towards the autonomous driving era. Whether Tesla can indeed leapfrog the competition and the industry’s biggest players like Waymo and GM Cruise is still up for question, but the arrival of full self-driving vehicles, as well as their use for ride-hailing, seems to be all but inevitable. Thus, however implausible it might seem today, Elon Musk’s vision for the Tesla Network’s Robotaxis will most definitely come true. The network might be deployed later than expected considering Musk’s tendency to be optimistic with his timeframes, but the service will likely be rolled out sooner rather than later.

Tesla’s Robotaxi service will be an inevitable player in the autonomous taxi race


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Tesla Model 3 receives stellar 5-Star rating from premier UK auto magazine


Ahead of its release in Europe’s right-hand-drive regions, the Tesla Model 3 has gone through an extensive review by Auto Express, one of the UK’s leading automotive publications. The electric sedan from Silicon Valley proved impressive, receiving a stellar 5-Star rating from the magazine.

Auto Express is among the most prominent car-themed publications in the region, at one point being the best-selling motoring magazine in Britain. The publication also holds the distinction of being the first to reveal the name of the Model 3 five years ago. In its recent review of the vehicle, Auto Express noted that despite the long wait, the Model 3 is ultimately a “stunning electric car you can enjoy every day.”

The magazine tested a Long Range AWD version of the Tesla Model 3, which was rated in the region with a range of 348 miles (under WLTP standards) and a 0-60 mph time of 4.5 seconds. The publication praised the Model 3 for its performance, particularly its “addictive” acceleration and its impressive drive. The Model 3’s exterior design, which allows the vehicle to look compact despite being longer than other cars in its class like the BMW 3-Series, was praised as well.

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The UK-based publication highlighted that the Model 3 it reviewed had a solid build. According to the magazine, the electric sedan that they tested featured materials that looked and felt posh, and there were no rattles or squeaks observed while driving. These observations bode well for the electric car, which experienced build quality issues during the first months of its production.

Elon Musk responded to these build quality reports by rallying Tesla employees to work harder in ensuring that the vehicles they produce are as finely-built as possible. Optimizations to the vehicle’s production line were also implemented to refine the buildout of the Model 3 further. These recent observations from Auto Express, which likely used one of Tesla’s newly-built Model 3, prove that the electric car maker is mastering the manufacturing of its most disruptive vehicle to date.

Considering the advantages that the Model 3 offers — from the fun it provides while driving, to more practical benefits like affordable charging rates and decent trunk space, to its class-leading features like Autopilot — the publication concluded that the car is a class of its own, at least today. All this adds up to a vehicle that could be considered as the “coolest car you can buy right now.”

The Tesla Model 3 has been gaining rave reviews from publications and news agencies across the globe since the company started the vehicle’s international ramp. Last March, the Model 3 achieved the rare feat of getting a rave review from Der Spiegel, one of Germany’s leading publications that has proven skeptical of Tesla in the past. The Model 3 Performance also impressed reviewers from China’s Know the Car group, which tested the electric sedan on a track against cars like the BMW M3 and the Ferrari 488 GTB.

Tesla is preparing to start deliveries of the Model 3’s right-hand drive variants. Order pages for the vehicle have already been opened in areas such as the UK, with the company noting that deliveries for RHD markets will begin in the second half of 2019.

Tesla Model 3 receives stellar 5-Star rating from premier UK auto magazine


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Tesla is charming Chinese customers with the Model 3’s excellent efficiency


Tesla Model 3 owners in China are taking to local social media platforms to express their appreciation of their electric cars. While China is already saturated with electric vehicles from local manufacturers, customers are noticing that Teslas are a cut above the average EV not only in design and performance, but in metrics such as battery consumption as well.

Tesla owner-enthusiast and Model S/X owner @ray4tesla recently shared some of these posts from Chinese social media. One Tesla owner remarked that his Model 3, which is a Long Range RWD variant, has been showing an average consumption of 14 kwh/100 km (225.31 Wh/mi). These figures were far superior to the usual consumption of competitors, which average 20 kwh/100 km (321.87 Wh/mi) or more.

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It could be said that battery efficiency is one of the concepts that Tesla has mastered over the years. Faced with more electric vehicles from competitors today, the superiority of Teslas in battery consumption is difficult to argue. During a highway test between the Tesla Model X and the Jaguar I-PACE last year, for example, reviewers from nextmove in Germany were quite astonished to see a large gap in efficiency between the two SUVs. The company found that the I-PACE’s consumption averaged 22.5 kWh/100 km (362 Wh/mi) at speeds between 93 km/h (58 mph) and 110 km/h (68 mph), far higher than the larger and heavier Tesla Model X’s 17.5 kWh/100 km (282 Wh/mi).

Tesla also showcased its pedigree in efficiency in its recent refresh of the Model S and Model X. Both vehicles’ Long Range versions retained their 100 kWh battery pack after the update, but the cars showed a ~10% improvement in range. A test of the refreshed Model S by MotorTrend hinted that the electric sedan might be capable of achieving 400 miles of range per charge. That’s comparable to the range of Rivian’s top-tier R1S and R1T, and those trucks are equipped with a 180 kWh pack.

China’s fondness for the Tesla Model 3 appears to be increasing by the month. Since deliveries of the vehicle started in the first quarter, Chinese customers have given the Model 3 a warm welcome. The reception is not surprising, considering that the electric sedan is pretty much the best bang-for-your-buck Tesla in the country today. The Model 3 Performance is particularly compelling for buyers as well, thanks to its competitive price against rivals like the BMW M3.

What is rather interesting is that Tesla’s Model 3 push into China is only in its initial stages. Gigafactory 3, which is under construction in Shanghai, is designed to produce affordable versions of the Model 3 sedan and the Model Y SUV once it is operational. The facility’s buildout has been incredibly quick, with the factory shell of the project’s Phase 1 area now coming into form. Barring any unexpected delays, estimates point to Model 3 production trial runs to begin as early as September.

Tesla is charming Chinese customers with the Model 3’s excellent efficiency


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SpaceX’s Starhopper gains thruster pods as hop test preparations ramp up


Amid a flurry of new construction at SpaceX’s Boca Chica facilities, technicians have begun to install thruster pods on Starhopper in anticipation of the prototype’s first untethered flights.

According to CEO Elon Musk, Starhopper’s “untethered hover tests” will begin with just one Raptor engine installed, potentially allowing hops to restart within the next few weeks. SpaceX is currently testing Raptor SN03 (and possibly SN02) a few hundred miles north in McGregor, Texas, just a few hours’ drive south once the engine is deemed flight-ready. Meanwhile, Starhopper itself needs a considerable amount of new hardware before it can begin Raptor-powered flight testing.

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A Falcon Raptor-powered Starship

Purely from a visible perspective, the most important component Starhopper is missing is a way to control its attitude and remain stable while under Raptor power, particularly critical for hovering. Enter the aptly-named attitude control system (ACS), essentially a pod of omnidirectional thrusters. SpaceX already happens to have its own extremely mature ACS proven over nearly two dozen successful Falcon 9 and Heavy booster landings, as well as every Falcon upper stage that has ever flown. SpaceX’s ACS is based on powerful nitrogen gas thrusters, known for their white puffs during Falcon 9 booster recovery and landing operations.

On May 6th and 7th, SpaceX began to install what looked like Falcon ACS pods on Starhopper. Curiously, of the two pairs of thrusters now installed, half appear to be taken directly off of older mothballed Falcon 9 boosters, while the other two seem to have been acquired from a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket. The latter pods may very well have come from Falcon 9 B1050, the booster that unintentionally landed in the Atlantic Ocean last December.

Based on the asymmetric location of the first two pod groups, Starhopper’s ACS will probably use a tripod layout. Additionally, the reason for the thruster pairs – versus Falcon 9’s single pods – is likely simple: Starhopper is far heavier than a Falcon booster. To get the same level of control authority, SpaceX is thus pairing pods together to double the functional strength of Starhopper’s ACS.

This leads smoothly to the installation of two (likely soon to be three) new composite-overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). Starhopper already has two COPVs installed on the outside of its upper tank dome, now effectively confirmed to be helium containers needed to pressurize the vehicle’s methane and oxygen tanks. Based on the fact that Starhopper’s new ACS pods appear to have come straight from Falcon boosters, it’s safe to say that the 2 (or 3) new COPVs will supply the hopper’s thrusters with gaseous nitrogen.

Local resident and NASASpaceflight forum user bocachicagal caught SpaceX technicians installing both new visible COPVs on May 8th. Note also the second pair of ACS pods. (NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)

The Ugly Starshipling

In general, this is just the latest chapter in the book of the oddity that is Starhopper. With helium tank pressurization and nitrogen ACS thrusters taken straight from Falcon 9, a major facet of SpaceX’s Mars architecture is entirely missing from the prototype. Known as autogenous pressurization, BFR was meant to use gasified versions of its onboard liquid oxygen and methane to pressurize its propellant tanks. In a similar vein, BFR was expected to integrated the same propellant into its ACS. Simply put, helium is simply out of the question if SpaceX wants to realize its reusable Mars transport architecture. Mars does have a minute quantity of nitrogen available in its already very thin atmosphere, but extracting hundreds or thousands of kilograms is impractical in the near-term, particularly if the first Starship have to carry all of their extraction equipment from Earth.

In January, Musk noted that methane/oxygen RCS thrusters were no longer baselined on Starship/Super Heavy. It’s unclear if the “cold gas” referred to will be nitrogen on the final design.

Although Musk has seemingly confirmed that Starship and Super Heavy will use ACS thrusters more akin to the Falcon family’s cold nitrogen gas pods, he did also confirm that autogenous pressurization would be a part of even the earliest iterations of the rocket. The move from carbon fiber to steel tanks likely made a major difference, as carbon composites have extremely limited heat resistance.

Without autogenous pressurization and propellant tanks closer to the thickness of orbit-capable Starships, Starhopper is really more of a mobile test stand for Raptor than anything else. The ungainly vehicle also offers SpaceX engineers an opportunity to test Starship/Super Heavy avionics in flight conditions, particularly with respect to controlling a real Raptor engine on the fly.

Pending the arrival and installation of its lone Raptor engine, Starhopper will likely be ready to return to hop testing before the end of May. (NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes

SpaceX’s Starhopper gains thruster pods as hop test preparations ramp up


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Audi e-tron customers face more delivery delays, fines for canceled orders: report


As Audi starts delivering the e-tron all-electric SUV to customers, some reservation holders in Norway are complaining over extra delays in vehicle deliveries. One e-tron reservation holder even reported to Norwegian media that he was faced with a fine when he attempted to cancel his order for the vehicle.

Around 7,000 Norwegians placed reservations for the Audi e-tron since it was unveiled last year, but the deliveries of the all-electric SUV have been slower than expected. Amidst large orders for the vehicle and limited supplies of components such as batteries, Audi has faced challenges in the SUV’s rollout. Roar Lauvstad, a reservation holder for the e-tron, noted in a statement to news publication Tek.no that he had been informed of a possible six-month extra wait time for his order, despite deliveries of the SUV already beginning in the country.

Audi has rolled out a “Fast Track” system for Norway, which allows immediate delivery of the e-tron provided that reservation holders order a specific variant of the SUV. The starting price of the e-tron in the country is listed at around NOK 650,000 (around $74,000), but the “Fast Track” variant, the Audi e-tron 55 Advanced Plus, costs around NOK 840,000 (around $95,000). This, according to Lauvstad, forces reservation holders like himself to either select a more expensive version or wait several more months for the actual variant he selected.

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Unfortunately, Lauvstad met an unexpected roadblock when he attempted to cancel his e-tron order. According to the reservation holder, he was informed that be would be facing a fine amounting to 8% of his order’s purchase price. “I could break the contract (or) buy a Fast Track car, but I couldn’t just break the contract. They would then have 8% (around $6,800) of the purchase price of around NOK 750,000 (around $85,000) for breach of contract. So now I’m still waiting,” he said (translated using Google Translate).

Audi’s delays with the rollout of the e-tron come amidst reports that the German automaker is running into issues with the supply of the SUV’s batteries, which are sourced from LG Chem, the same company that provides cells for other EVs like the Porsche Taycan and the Jaguar I-PACE. Citing unnamed sources, The Brussels Times reported last month stated that Audi is only operating the e-tron’s production facilities 6 hours a day. Audi’s plant in Györ, Hungary, which produces the e-tron’s electric motors, are reportedly seeing delays as well, partly due to the effects of a workers’ strike earlier this year.

Audi’s growing pains with the ramp of the e-tron echo some of the struggles that Tesla faced when it was starting the production of its vehicles. The Tesla Model X was noteworthy for being delayed due to its design and over-the-top tech, and the Model 3 ramp was aptly described by Elon Musk as production hell. Based on what Audi is experiencing with the e-tron, it appears that even experienced automakers are bound to go through some pains as they learn how to build competitive electric cars.

One thing that appears to be different between Tesla and Audi is how the companies manage requests for cancelation among reservation holders. While Audi seems to have included a penalty in the fine print of its e-tron reservations, Tesla has allowed order cancellations that are practically worry-free. As noted by Elon Musk, orders for Tesla’s electric cars are still fully refundable even after seven days or 1,000 miles.

Audi e-tron customers face more delivery delays, fines for canceled orders: report


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Tesla’s Model 3 electric motor is a clever mystery box, says auto experts


Sandy Munro, a teardown specialist and auto industry veteran, is releasing the results of a study he conducted with battery expert Mark Ellis comparing the motors inside four electric vehicles, one of which was a Tesla Model 3. Despite analyzing the vehicle for a long time, the auto expert states that there are still mysteries that he is yet to uncover on the electric sedan.

“The Tesla has a lot of stuff hidden. The Tesla is a big mystery. It’s not obvious sometimes what clever things they’ve done, ” he commented about the California-based car maker’s motor in a recent interview summarized by Industry Week. “There’s mysteries every day. We thought we were clever, but we’re not that clever.”

One of the clever features Munro and Ellis discovered in their Model 3 teardown was the disconnect device for the high voltage. “It’s not really a fuse…It’s like a little explosion. If the car rolls over, they have a little disconnect that blows up, [cutting] all the power to everything and that way you don’t have an electric nightmare,” he revealed. Also, the inner magnets of the Model 3 motor were found to be under a lot of stress, which is not something other manufacturers have learned to do in high volume production. “We’ve talked to lots of magnet manufacturers, but this might be another one of these made-in-Tesla kind of deals. They make a lot of stuff in-house,” Munro guessed.

Sandy Munro holds up the Automatic Drive Module of the Tesla Model 3. [Credit: Autoline Network/YouTube]
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Another innovation that impressed the teardown team was how advanced the inverter/convertor device was that provides power to the motor, particularly in the use of silicon carbide on the devices’ integrated circuits. “It creates a lot less heat and is a lot faster than the Chevy and BMW,” Ellis added to the discussion. “Silicon carbide is the latest and greatest and Tesla so far is the only vehicle out there with it.” Munro and Ellis further noted the high level of tech Tesla’s motor contained, all while being considerably smaller than the competition.

The study will be released in a few weeks and also includes detailed information about the motors inside the Chevy Bolt, BMW i3, and Jaguar I-Pace. Munro had very positive things to say about Tesla’s technology, but the electric vehicles produced by industry giants did not receive quite the same accolades. “It looks like the other guys just went around and glued together whatever they could find off the shelf,” Munro jabbed at Tesla’s competition.

The BMW i3 was hit particularly hard and cited as the heaviest, most expensive, and very inefficient overall. “It’s not designed for… I don’t know what it’s designed for, really,” Munro swiped in the interview. “While everything on Tesla is…very, very efficient engineering.” Munro still isn’t sold on the Model 3 body, though, and takes issue with the complexity of the process it takes to manufacture it thanks to the number of parts, materials, and fastenings involved.

Munro has a history of strong opinions on Tesla’s car intended for the mass market. After completing an initial teardown of a 2017 version of the vehicle, he infamously commented that the car’s panel gaps could be seen “from Mars” among other very critical remarks about the way the car was manufactured. Tesla eventually issued a statement in response to the criticisms, indicating that significant improvements had been made to its Model 3 manufacturing process which would render moot many of the issues identified.

Once the Model 3 teardown was complete, Munro later admitted to eating “a lot of crow” in response to the technology installed and implemented throughout the car. He praised the Model 3 battery pack and the way it handles on the road, in particular, and also estimated Tesla was turning a 30% profit on the vehicle. Munro ultimately concluded that everything from the car’s suspension and down was perfect, but everything about its bodywork was questionable.

While the study Sandy Munro and Mark Ellis have conducted has not yet been released, from the sounds of it, crow seems to have still been on the menu for Tesla’s inner workings while old criticisms still stand about its outer packaging.

Tesla’s Model 3 electric motor is a clever mystery box, says auto experts


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Elon Musk’s Tesla insurance plans could ultimately prove Warren Buffett wrong


During Tesla’s first-quarter earnings call, Elon Musk mentioned that the electric car maker is coming up with an insurance service for its vehicles. Musk noted that Tesla’s insurance plan would be unique in a way that it will leverage customer data collected from its fleet of vehicles. This will, according to the CEO, create a program that is “much more compelling than anything else” in the market.

Such statements sound very optimistic, and in true Elon Musk fashion, the CEO raised the bar for the upcoming service higher, adding that Tesla’s insurance program could see a launch as early as next month. These targets were unsurprisingly met with much skepticism. Tesla’s avid critics dismissed the plan and Musk’s comments as another “funding secured” moment, and even experienced investors expressed their doubts about the program’s potential success.

Doubts from the Oracle

Arguably the most notable critic of Tesla’s insurance plan is financial titan Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. Speaking at the Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting on Saturday, Buffett noted that Elon Musk’s insurance aspirations would likely fail. “It’s not an easy business. The success of the auto companies getting into the insurance business is probably as likely as the success of the insurance companies getting into the auto business,” he said.

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The financial titan explained further, stating that veteran automaker General Motors had unsuccessfully attempted a similar program in the past under its Motors Insurance Company. Though Buffett, fondly known in the investment world as the “Oracle from Omaha,” admitted that the trove of data that Tesla gathers from its fleet, he argued that the electric car maker would likely not make money in its insurance endeavors.

“And I would bet against any company in the auto business (getting into insurance) being any kind of an unusual success. The idea of using telematics in terms of studying people — it is important to have data on how people drive, how hard they brake, how much they swerve, all kinds of things. So I don’t doubt the value of the data. But I don’t think the auto companies will have any advantage to that. I don’t think they’ll make money in the insurance business,” Buffett explained.

A case for Tesla’s insurance plans

Buffett holds a lot of authority in the insurance industry, with Berkshire having Geico and General Reinsurance among its numerous subsidiaries. Yet, despite these concerns, Elon Musk’s plan for Tesla’s own insurance program could actually work. Contrary to speculations from the company’s critics suggesting that Musk is merely shooting from the hip, Tesla is actually working with experienced insurance firms to develop its own program. Among these is Markel Corporation (ironically dubbed at times as a “mini-Berkshire” stock). During the firm’s quarterly conference call last week, co-CEO Richard Whitt stated that one of Markel’s subsidiaries, State National, will provide the fronting for Tesla’s insurance.

“Often the people that have these innovative ideas have a hard time navigating the regulatory environment and being able to execute quite honestly on their innovative ideas. That’s where State National can come to the table and help them. In the case of the partnership with Tesla, State National is providing just that. They’re supporting innovative solutions that Tesla has [created] with risk-taking partners. And I don’t want to say any more than that, because obviously Tesla and the risk-taking partner have many things they probably want to say about the arrangement,” Whitt said.

Another advantage that Tesla might have with its upcoming program is that Elon Musk’s primary goal is likely not to “make money in the insurance business” in the near-term. Instead of chasing profits immediately after its rollout, Tesla’s insurance could simply be rolled out as a means to streamline the ownership experience of the company’s electric cars further. Together with several inherent advantages of the company’s vehicles, such as the absence of fuel purchases, affordable Supercharging rates, and unique driving dynamics offered by their all-electric powertrain, having a customized, worry-free insurance service could be yet another factor that can make Teslas attractive to car buyers.

A lot of the details surrounding Tesla’s insurance plans are yet to be announced, and it remains to be seen if the company could ultimately pull off an endeavor that could prove the world’s third-richest person wrong. Ultimately, just as it was far too early to discount SpaceX after the initial failures of the Falcon 1 rocket, it might simply be far too early to dismiss Elon Musk’s plans for Tesla’s own insurance program.

Elon Musk’s Tesla insurance plans could ultimately prove Warren Buffett wrong


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Tesla releases Model 3 tow hitch for European markets


Tesla has released a Model 3 tow hitch for European markets. The accessory is available for order in the Model 3 configurator, and is rated to tow up to 910 kg (around 2,000 lbs). With the tow hitch installed, the Model 3’s software will monitor trailer movements, adjusting wheel braking as necessary.

Tesla is offering the Model 3 tow hitch as a £970 (around $1,200) add-on for the electric sedan. Quite interestingly, Tesla notes in the European Model 3 configurator that the tow hitch cannot be installed after delivery, suggesting that vehicles that have already been delivered will not be compatible with the accessory. Members of the r/TeslaMotors subreddit who are from Europe state that the current no-retrofit rule for the Model 3’s tow hitch might be due to regulations in the region.

Elon Musk himself has stated that the Model 3 will have its own tow hitch, mentioning that there will be an optional accessory for the vehicle when it gets released. One can only hope that in the near future, tow hitch retrofits for existing Model 3 vehicles in Europe will be allowed in the future.

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The Model 3 tow hitch has the potential to push even more sales of the electric sedan in Europe, mainly since the accessory is quite popular among motorists in the region. Trailers are widely used in European markets, with drivers using them even for simple tasks such as short trips to a grocery or an appliance store. For tasks such as these, the Model 3 tow hitch will be more than enough.

In the United States, Model 3 owners have explored aftermarket and DIY solutions to give their electric sedans the capability to tow. Last year, Tesla owner enthusiast Ben Sullins of Teslanomics collaborated in such a project with tech YouTuber JerryRigEverything, installing a DIY tow hitch on a Model 3 that allowed the vehicle to tow almost 2,000 pounds. Observations from the YouTube influencers suggested that the Model 3 did not feel too weighed down while it was pulling the heavy load.

Tesla’s electric cars are quite ideal for towing, especially with the instant torque produced by their electric motors. This has resulted in several impressive towing feats in the past. The Tesla Model X, for example, has managed to pull an actual aircraft over an airport runway. The all-electric SUV had also been filmed hauling 250,000 pounds of dirt from a Boring Company tunnel.

Tesla releases Model 3 tow hitch for European markets


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Tesla sales leap over 400% in Germany as Model 3’s European push continues


Tesla increased its market share last month in Germany’s auto market from .03% to .19%, according to the latest data from the Association of International Motor Vehicle Manufacturers comparing German auto registrations between April 2018 and April 2019. A total of 575 Teslas were registered in April 2019, representing a 442% increase over registrations in April 2018. Tesla’s increase in the German market from month to month also represented the highest growth out of all automotive brands in the country.

Tesla’s total number of cars registered in April 2019 represents a higher percentage of the total vehicles sold in Germany for the month by Alfa Romeo and Lexus, which commanded a market share of 0.12% and 0.11%, respectively. Given the current trends, Tesla’s market share in Germany will likely continue to grow as the all-electric car manufacturer continues its sales push into the European market. This suggests that Tesla’s blend of practicality, performance, and tech-driven luxury has enabled the company to carve out its own niche in a market associated with luxury automobiles.

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The backdrop of impending emissions regulations set to take force in Europe looks to be making a significant show in the German car market as the number of alternative power vehicles registered in the country continues to increase. Electric vehicles showed a 50% growth over the past year, while hybrid car registrations increased by 5.4%. Diesel-fueled vehicle registrations remained stagnant in a year-to-year comparison between 2018 and 2019, while gasoline-powered vehicle registrations dropped 5.1% for the same time period.

Tesla’s efforts aimed at increasing sales in the German market showed hints earlier this year, when the combined sales of the Model S, Model 3, and Model X began approaching those of another German-born luxury brand: Porsche. In March, Porsche had 2,723 new vehicle registrations in the country, while Tesla posted 2,367. The gap has widened again in April, with Porsche’s registrations totaling 3,093 against Tesla’s 575; however, momentum still remains with Tesla. Porsche’s April 2019 sales represented 0.62% growth compared to April 2018 vs. Tesla’s 442% for the same period. Porsche’s cumulative sales for 2019 are also down about 25% in Germany.

Germany may see Tesla’s market share jump into native brand territory in the future if Gigafactory Europe is eventually built within its borders. In a series of tweets last summer, CEO Elon Musk revealed that the country was being seriously considered for the facility. “Germany is a leading choice for Europe. Perhaps on the German-French border makes sense, near the Benelux countries,” he tweeted. A Gigafactory in Europe stands to be a lucrative investment for Tesla in its efforts to saturate the region with its competitively priced Model 3 and possibly its coming Model Y.

Tesla sales leap over 400% in Germany as Model 3’s European push continues


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SpaceX hits new Falcon 9 reusability milestone, retracts all four landing legs


SpaceX appears to have selected Falcon 9 B1056 to become the first booster to have all four landing legs retracted and stowed. While relatively minor in the scope full Falcon 9 booster reuse, in-situ leg retraction could save SpaceX days of recovery and preflight work, a big help for truly rapid reusability.

A handful of prior retraction attempts have been made on Block 5 boosters but unknown issues prevented the process from taking hold. With some modifications to the legs and their deployment/retraction mechanisms, SpaceX seems to have solved those issues and is ready to graduate to a new level of rapid and easy rocket reusability. Teslarati photographer Tom Cross was on site in Port Canaveral, Florida when SpaceX began its first operational leg retractions and was able to capture photos and videos of the process.

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Falcon 9 doesn’t even lift

The crux of the need for a relatively complex crane-and-jig method of leg retraction rests on SpaceX’s landing leg design. Put simply, after rapidly deploying with a combination of gravity and hydraulics, Falcon 9 landing legs have no built-in way to return to their stowed state. Each of the four legs are quite large, weighing around 600 kg (1300 lb) and stretching about 10m (33 ft) from hinge to tip. They use an intricate telescoping carbon fiber deployment mechanism to give the legs enough strength to stand up to the forces of Falcon 9 booster landings.

Combined, the legs’ size and telescoping mechanism makes the addition of an onboard retraction mechanism impractical. All the needed hardware would struggle to find a good place for installation and would quite literally be dead weight during launches and landings, stealing from Falcon 9/Heavy payload capacity and generally serving no purpose until a booster has been lifted off the ground with a giant crane.

SpaceX’s custom Falcon landing leg retractor doubles as a crane jig used to lift the entire booster when needed. (Tom Cross)

As a result, SpaceX engineers instead decided to separate leg retraction hardware from the rocket itself and designed a custom crane jig. Pictured above, the jig attaches to Falcon 9’s interstage and allows the crane operator to lift the entire booster as needed. It also features four independent motors and pulleys that are meant to attach to a specific port on the outside of each booster landing leg. The jig then lifts the landing legs up, nominally retracting the telescoping deployment mechanism, at which point latches should be able to safely secure the legs to the booster’s body.

This has been significantly more difficult than expected, judging from a number of retraction attempts over the past six or so months. Falcon 9 Block 5 debuted in May 2018 – in fact, almost exactly one year ago – and SpaceX has since built 11 boosters that have supported 15 launches. SpaceX has thus taken ~12 months to get to a point where Falcon 9’s landing legs can be safely retracted, perhaps owing more to the fact that said legs are of minimal monetary value relative to the rest of a recovered booster. Improving leg retractibility is a bit of a luxury in that sense, as retracting legs offers little value proposition in terms of significantly lowering the cost of launch or reuse.

SpaceX technicians monitor Falcon 9 B1056 a second landing leg begins retraction. (Tom Cross)
A few hours later, SpaceX completed retraction of all four landing legs, a first for Falcon 9. (Tom Cross)

What leg retraction does do, however, is shave a significant amount of time off of the process of booster recovery and post-recovery processing. Instead of the normal process of totally dismantling and removing the legs piece by piece, stowing Falcon 9’s legs saves not only the time it takes to remove them but also the time it then takes to reinstall said legs for the next launch. At a minimum, this could save 12-24 hours of dedicated work, up to as much as several days according to CEO Elon Musk. Taken to the extreme, it’s likely that SpaceX’s ultimate goal is to lift a booster off the drone ship, retract its landing legs mid-air (or close), flip the booster horizontal, and lower it onto a transporter in one fluid movement.

If SpaceX can arrive at something approximating that in the near future, the company will be well on its way accomplish Musk’s goal of launching the same Falcon 9 booster twice in ~24 hours. Even further down the road, if or when SpaceX manages to optimize the reusability of its Falcon 9 boosters to the extent that almost zero refurbishment or in-depth inspection is needed between launches, minimizing the amount of human effort that goes into something as basic as preparing landing legs may actually have a significant impact on launch costs. For the time being, we get to enjoy the new and unusual spectacle of a giant reusable booster carefully stowing its landing legs for another launch attempt.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes

SpaceX hits new Falcon 9 reusability milestone, retracts all four landing legs


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