LNG: TESLARATI

SpaceX has successfully completed a Falcon 9 static fire ahead of Starlink’s first dedicated launch, breaking a practice that dates back to Falcon 9’s last catastrophic failure to date.

That failure occurred in September 2016 around nine minutes before a planned Falcon 9 static fire test, completely destroying the rocket and the Amos-6 communications satellite payload and severely damaging Launch Complex 40 (LC-40). Since that fateful failure, all 42 subsequent Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy satellite launches have been preceded by static fire tests without a payload fairing attached. This process typically adds 24-48 hours of work to launch operations, an admittedly tiny price to pay to reduce the chances of a rocket failure completely destroying valuable payloads. With Starlink v0.9, SpaceX is making different choices.

When supercool liquid oxygen ruptured a composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV) in Falcon 9’s upper stage, the resultant explosion and fire destroyed Falcon 9. Perhaps more importantly, the ~$200M Amos-6 satellite installed atop the rocket effectively ceased to exist, a loss that posed a serious threat to the livelihood of its owner, Spacecom. Posed with a question of whether saving a day or two of schedule was worth the potential destruction of customer payloads, both customers, SpaceX, and their insurers obviously concluded that static fires should be done without payloads aboard the rocket.

The only exceptions since Amos-6 are the launch debuts of Falcon Heavy – with a payload that was effectively disposable and SpaceX-built – and Crew Dragon DM-1, in which Falcon 9’s integration with Dragon’s launch abort system had to be tested as part of the static fire. Every other SpaceX rocket launch since September 2016 has excluded payloads during each routine pre-flight static fire.

SpaceX’s Spacecraft Emporium

Why the change of pace on this launch, then? The answer is simple: for the first time ever, SpaceX is both the sole payload/satellite stakeholder and launch provider, meaning that nearly all of the mission’s risk – and the consequences of failure – rest solely on SpaceX’s shoulders. In other words, SpaceX built and owns the Falcon 9 assigned to the mission, the 60 Starlink test satellites that make up its payload, and the launch complex supporting the mission.

Even then, if Falcon 9 were to fail during an internal SpaceX mission, customer launches could be seriously delayed by both the subsequent failure investigation failure and any potential damage to the launch complex. In short, although an internal mission does offer SpaceX some unique freedoms, it is still in the company’s best interest to treat the launch like any other, even if some customer-oriented corners are likely begging to be cut. Additionally, the loss of SpaceX’s first dedicated payload of 60 Starlink satellites could be a significant setback for the constellation, although it may be less significant than most would assume.

This is not to say that SpaceX won’t take advantage of some of the newfound freedom permitted by Starlink launches. In fact, CEO Elon Musk has stated that one of SpaceX’s 2019 Starlink missions will become the first to reuse a Falcon fairing. Additionally, SpaceX is free to do things that customers might be opposed to but that the company’s own engineers believe to be low-risk. Notably, Starlink missions will be an almost perfect opportunity for SpaceX to flight-prove reusability milestones without having to ask customers to tread outside of their comfort zones.

The sheer scale of SpaceX proposed Starlink constellation – two phases of ~4400 and ~12,000 satellites – means that the company will need all the latent launch capacity it can get over the next 5-10 years, at least until Starship/Super Heavy is able to support internal missions. Extraordinary packing density will help to minimize the number of launches needed, but the fact remains that even an absurd 120 satellites per launch (double Starlink v0.9’s 60) would still require an average of 12 launches per year to finish Starlink before 2030.

In the meantime, thoughts of a dozen or more annual Starlink launches are somewhat premature. SpaceX’s first dedicated Starlink launch (deemed Starlink v0.9) is scheduled to lift off no earlier than 10:30 pm EDT (02:30 UTC), May 15th, and is being treated as an advanced but still intermediary step between the Tintin prototypes and a finalized spacecraft design. Still, in an unprecedented step, SpaceX has built sixty Starlink satellites for the development-focused mission, in stark contrast to the six satellites (still a respectable achievement) competitor OneWeb launched in February 2019 as part of its own flight-test program.

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Porsche recently granted Automobile Magazine a rare test ride in the Taycan Turbo, the top-tier variant of the company’s first modern all-electric car. The test drive provided what could only be described as the closest look yet at the upcoming vehicle, and based on the impressions of the magazine; it appears that the Taycan Turbo could very well become one of Porsche’s most iconic cars yet.

Porsche designed the Taycan with the same principles as its other vehicles. It’s luxurious inside and out, it handles like a sports car, and it is quick — very, very quick. The motoring magazine highlighted this in its test ride, stating that the vehicle has a habit of pushing drivers and passengers back into their seats when it accelerates from 0-60 mph in just over 3 seconds. The publication also noted that the Taycan is more reminiscent of the Porsche 911 than Porsche’s four-door flagship, the Panamera, based on the way the car handled itself despite its weight.

While the Taycan is undeniably impressive, the test ride did raise a particular concern for the vehicle: it’s charging infrastructure, which remains a work in progress. The Taycan could be charged with up to 250 kW at an 800V charge point, but there are only a few charging stations with that output today. Even 400V stations, which can charge the Taycan at around 150 kW, are still relatively few. One can only hope that Porsche can secure the Taycan’s charging infrastructure by the time the vehicle’s production version is unveiled this coming September.

Perhaps most notable from the publication’s test drive were the details of the electric car that were revealed by the carmaker. For one, all Taycans, regardless of trim, are equipped with coated PSCB brakes, though carbon ceramic options are available. Similar to other electric vehicles, the Taycan is capable of regenerative braking as well, though the vehicle’s maximum regeneration is an impressive 250 kW. Higher-tier models also boast features like air suspension and rear-wheel steering.

Porsche is yet to fully announce the final specs of the Taycan, though a brand ambassador has confirmed the contents of a document obtained by the Automobile listing the features and specs of each Taycan version. According to the document, the base Taycan will be Rear Wheel Drive only, and it will be equipped with an 80 kWh battery pack. The base Taycan will be powered by a choice of 240-kW (322-hp) and 280-kW (375-hp) motors, and it will command a price in the low ~$90,000 range.

The vehicle’s mid-range variant, the Taycan 4S, will reportedly be equipped with a 96 kW battery pack and 320-kW (429-hp) or 360-kW (483-hp) electric motors. Pricing for the Taycan 4S will reportedly start in the high ~$90,000 range. The Taycan Turbo, which will be the vehicle’s top-of-the-line version upon its release, will reportedly feature a 96 kWh battery, a 160-kW (215-hp)/221-lb-ft motor up front, and a 300-kW (402-hp)/405-lb-ft motor at the rear. Pricing for the Taycan Turbo is expected to start at ~$140,000.

The Porsche Taycan is expected to be unveiled sometime this coming September, with the company offering the base, 4S, and Turbo versions to customers. At least two other variants of the Taycan will reportedly be unveiled later, one of which is a pretty insane 540-kW (724-hp) Turbo S version and a lighter RWD GTS trim that will most likely be incredibly fun to drive on the track. Porsche is also planning on improving its charging infrastructure in the near future, with peak charging rates for the vehicle increasing from 250 kW to 350 kW by 2021 at the latest.

The Porsche Taycan is arguably one of the most anticipated vehicles in the electric car market this year, particularly as it is one that has the potential to directly challenge the Tesla Model S in the premium EV segment. Porsche is moving full throttle to prepare for the Taycan’s production and ramp, with the company drastically upgrading its Zuffenhausen site to accommodate the manufacturing of the vehicle.

Volkswagen CEO Herbert Diess was recently asked about his insights on American electric car maker Tesla during an appearance at the Die Welt podcast. The VW boss was candid, stating that Tesla is a pioneer in the electric vehicle market, and it is one that drives Volkswagen in several areas. Despite this, the CEO noted that VW has a thing or two that can be used to catch up to the Silicon Valley-based company.

Tesla had a rough first quarter, driven largely by difficulties in delivering the Model 3 to Europe and Canada. These difficulties, together with several one-time losses, resulted in Tesla posting a $702 million loss for Q1 2019. During the earnings call for the first quarter, Elon Musk admitted that there was some merit in raising capital for the company, and earlier this month, Tesla did just that. Tesla ultimately raised $2.7 billion from its funding round, with CEO Elon Musk purchasing $25 million worth of shares from the offering.

Amidst these headwinds for Tesla, VW CEO Herbert Diess noted that he hopes the American carmaker will survive. “I hope that Tesla survives because it is, of course, an incentive and an impulse for us,” he said. He later added that while Tesla has established a lead in the electric vehicle market, this headstart was “certainly not unassailable.” Diess explained that as a “small, focused company,” Tesla has certain advantages, particularly when it comes to its battery and its autonomous driving technologies.

Nevertheless, Diess stated that Volkswagen has several strengths of its own that can be utilized to compete against Tesla. These strengths, according to the CEO, will allow Volkswagen to potentially overcome the younger American company and become the leader in electric vehicles. “We are big, we are global, and we also have advantages in scaling, starting up factories, and rolling out the business. This will be our chance in the next few years. We will win,” Diess said.

The CEO later admitted that Volkswagen is aiming to achieve the Paris climate goals by 2050. Diess also added that he personally does not see an alternative to electrification in the next ten years. Speaking about fuel cell vehicles, Diess argued that it would take “two to three times as many windmills and solar modules” to make the technology work.

Volkswagen has shown a notable amount of interest in Tesla in the past. Back when Elon Musk was attempting to take Tesla private, Volkswagen AG was among the companies willing to help raise $30 billion for the privatization deal. Earlier this year, Volkswagen also recognized the Tesla Model 3 at the National Automobile Dealers Association in the US. During the event, Scott Keogh, the chief executive officer of Volkswagen AG’s US unit, argued that Tesla all but proved that electric vehicles are here to stay. “We have not seen in the history of the auto business, a company going from zero to fourth place in luxury in a matter of a few years,” the exec said, referencing Tesla’s rapid rise among automakers over the years.

It’s long been known that automotive companies have, frankly, sucked at bringing modern technology into their vehicle lineups. So when Tesla unveiled the Model S in 2011, many in the industry were skeptical that they could make the center screen usable and as cutting-edge as the latest phones. Obviously, things have worked out pretty well on that front for Tesla, and that 2012 center screen still beats nearly all 2020 vehicles on that market. Why have the car companies never gotten their act together? Will we ever see better screens in cars?

Look no further, Google believes it has a solution for car companies. No, I’m not talking about Andriod Auto; I’m talking about Andriod Automotive OS a complete operating system from Google for automakers to use. The system reaches much further into the vehicle’s system and controls the entire infotainment system (it can also control the driver display screen). This sort of solution is long overdue and will push developers to create exciting apps for cars. Tesla originally stated that their systems would allow 3rd party apps, but nothing has ever come to fruition. Perhaps Google’s push into vehicles will create a flurry of development and Tesla will finally open up their system (for their credit, there hasn’t ever been a huge developer community looking to get into Tesla’s).

The first car rocking the Google-powered system is the all-electric Polestar 2. Rather than spending tens of millions of dollars developing their own system (and likely fail like most of their peers) Polestar, an offshoot of Volvo, partnered with Google to bring their system to market quickly. Volvo’s latest infotainment systems have traditionally been regarded as better than most other companies, so Polestar’s bet on Google is a bit surprising. The move will likely be lauded as a big win for the upstart company, especially as they aim to make a name for themselves.

While Google’s foray into the vehicle will allow automakers to bring their vehicles’ technology up to acceptable levels, the key to the system’s success lies in a far simpler innovation: OTA updates. Tesla pioneered OTA updates and has now proven the advantages they bring to owners. They keep a vehicle feeling fresh, adding new features, expanding range, and offer opportunities to make vehicles upgradable (Autopilot).

Some other companies are still missing the mark with their latest tech, for an example look no further than the Audi e-tron. The company’s system splits up controls between two touch screens, rather than one large, easy-to-use screen. The good news here? Audi is looking at utilizing OTA updates to continuously update the vehicle, which will prove smart in the long term.

With Google truly entering the infotainment system business, we may start to see tech in cars that can compete with the latest phones. What do you think about Google’s latest innovation? Would you like to see an app store in your car? Let us know in the comments.

Recent drone footage taken from Tesla’s Gigafactory 3 site reveals that work on the massive electric car production facility is underway despite the escalating trade tensions between the United States and China. As Gigafactory 3’s factory shell nears completion, workers appear to have started focusing their activities on the interior of the upcoming general assembly building as well.

The recent videos of Gigafactory 3 were shared on YouTube and other social media platforms this weekend. Drone operator Wuwa Vision (烏瓦), who has been following the facility’s buildout since late last year, mentioned that the external wall of the electric car factory is nearing completion, with sections of Gigafactory 3’s outer wall getting Tesla’s trademark red accents. From the air, it is evident that roofing of the factory continues to spread, with the roof of the rumored stamping area getting paved. A flyby of the site conducted at night by a separate drone operator shows that Gigafactory 3 workers are still adopting 24/7 operations.

Work in Gigafactory 3 remains incredibly quick, with visible progress being reported on the site despite the escalating trade tensions between the United States and China, which is weighing down the US market today. On Monday’s pre-market alone, futures for the S&P 500, Dow, and Nasdaq fell amid China’s upcoming 25% tariff on a portion of US goods. China’s initiative appeared to be a response to the Trump administration’s decision to raise the rate of tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports to 25%.

Tesla’s Gigafactory 3 is following an incredibly ambitious timeline that exceeds that of Elon Musk’s own optimistic estimates. During Gigafactory 3’s groundbreaking ceremony last January, Musk noted that he expects the facility to start initial Model 3 production by the end of the year. China upped the ante on this timeframe, with a Shanghai official noting that the initial buildout of Gigafactory 3 should be completed by May. The rapid buildout of the facility so far suggests that this May target might very well be achieved.

If Gigafactory 3’s initial buildout does make it to the May deadline, the facility could be on track to start Model 3 trial production as early as September, giving Tesla ample time to refine its electric car production lines to enable mass production by next year. Gigafactory 3 is an essential facility for Tesla. By having electric cars produced locally, Tesla could sell its vehicles at far more competitive prices. Musk has already announced that Gigafactory 3 will focus on the affordable versions of the Model 3 and Model Y, highlighting the company’s intention of bringing its electric vehicles to China’s mass market even further.

Watch the recent progress of Gigafactory 3 in the video below.

And here’s Gigafactory 3’s continued night activities.

According to SpaceX COO/President Gwynne Shotwell and a Turkish satellite industry official, Starship and Super Heavy may have a role to play in the launch of Turksat’s first domestically-procured communications satellite.

Per Shotwell’s specific phrasing, this comes as a bit of a surprise. Built by Airbus Defense and Space, SpaceX is already on contract to launch Turksat’s 5A and 5B communications satellites as early as Q2 2020 and Q1 2021, respectively. The spacecraft referred to in the context of Starship is the generation meant to follow 5A/5B: Turksat 6A and any follow-on variants. Turksat’s 6-series satellites will be designed and manufactured domestically rather than procured from non-Turkish heavyweights like Airbus or SSL. However, the Turksat 6A satellite’s current baseline specifications would make it an extremely odd fit for a launch vehicle as large as Starship/Super Heavy.

Curiously, in written statements to Turkish media outlets, Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) referred to a “Turksat 6A2” satellite for the first time ever. Prior to comments made at the Satellite 2019 conference, Turksat’s prospects beyond 5A/5B were simply referred to as “Turksat 6A”, a ~4300 kg (9500 lb) domestically-built communications satellite scheduled for completion no earlier than the end of 2020. Turksat 5A and 5B will both be approximately 4500 kg (9900 lb), well within the capability of the flight-proven Falcon 9 rockets they are expected to launch on.

Why, then, might Starship “[potentially] work for the next Turksat project”, as suggested by Shotwell? Referring to what Turksat GM Cenk Sen then described as “6A2”, Shotwell noted that the satellite would be “quite a large, complex satellite.” While undeniably massive relative to almost anything else, the 4300-kg Turksat 6A is actually in the middle of the road (maybe even on the smaller side) relative to most geostationary communications satellites built and launched in the last few years.

We’re gonna need a bigger speculation…

SpaceX COO and President Gwynne Shotwell would know this as intimately as anyone, given her essential role at the head of the launch services provider. Most recently, SpaceX used Falcon Heavy to launch Arabsat 6A (6500 kg/14,300 lb) to a uniquely high transfer orbit of ~90,000 km (56,000 mi). In the second half of 2018, Falcon 9 was also tasked with launching Telstar 18V (7060 kg/15,560 lb) and 19V (7076 kg/15,600 lb) to geostationary transfer orbits (GTO), with 19V technically becoming the heaviest commercial communications satellite ever launched.

SpaceX is also just a few days away from launching 60 Starlink test satellites, reportedly set to become the company’s heaviest payload ever with a mass greater than ~13,000 kg (30,000 lb). Put simply, SpaceX is about as familiar as one can possibly get with not only launching – but even building – truly massive and complex satellite payloads.

In short, it appears that “Turksat 6A2” may refer to an extremely ambitious follow-on to Turksat 6A (perhaps 6A1?). To warrant the use of Starship over the then highly-proven and well-paved Falcon 9 or Heavy, Turksat 6A2 would indeed have to be what Shotwell referred to as “quite a large, complex satellite”. In a recoverable configuration, Falcon 9 is capable of placing about 5500-6000 kg into a full GTO. Falcon Heavy allows for 8000-10000 kg, with the latter option assuming that all three boosters land on drone ships. Steel Starship’s performance – with or without tanker refueling – is effectively an unknown quantity at this point in time, although SpaceX CEO Elon Musk says more Starship info will be provided this year at a dedicated June 20th event.

Aside from questions of payload performance of Starship/Super Heavy relative to Falcon 9/Heavy, it’s unclear when the next-gen SpaceX rocket will actually be ready to start launching commercial payloads. Back in December 2018, Musk estimated that Starship had a 60% chance of reaching orbit by the end of 2020, with confidence on the rise as the company transitioned BFR’s structure from carbon composites to stainless steel. Four months after that estimate, a low-fidelity Starship prototype – nicknamed Starhopper – successfully completed two Raptor-powered test fires, straining a few feet into the air against large tethers. Meanwhile, Raptor testing continues in McGregor, Texas, while progress is also being made on what is said to be the first orbit-capable Starship prototype a few thousand feet from Starhopper.

A long path to orbit

Before SpaceX can begin orbital launch attempts with Starship, the company will need to build a new launch complex (or develop a floating launch platform), complete with processing and integration facilities also built from the ground up. Additionally, at least one massive Super Heavy booster will be needed for Starship to deliver more than just itself to orbit. Starship’s unprecedented metallic heat shield will need to be made flight-ready, while a minimum of 38 Raptor engines will need to be built and tested. In short, a huge amount of work needs to be done before Starship and its associated facilities will be capable of launching high-value customer payloads.

In other words, any prospective Cargo Starship customers will necessarily be shopping for launches in 2021-2022 at the absolute earliest. According to TAI’s Sen, SpaceX and its Starship vehicle will be just “one of the candidate[s]” eligible to compete for the Turksat 6A2 launch contract, hinting that these new comments are just the first of many more to come.

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