LNG: TESLARATI

Back in January, Jim Farley, Ford’s president of global markets, made a blockbuster announcement that caused ripples in the American auto industry. During a presentation at the Deutsche Bank Global Automotive Conference in the MGM Grand in Detroit, Farley boldly stated that the F-150, one of the company’s most successful vehicles to date and arguably its biggest cash cow, was going electric. 

The electric F-150 won’t be a half-step either. There will be a hybrid version of the truck, but there will be one that uses absolutely no fossil fuel at all. The idea surprised many of Detroit’s veterans, especially considering the reputation and pedigree of the F-150 as America’s most iconic workhorse. After all, what type of vehicle will an all-electric F-150 be? 

If a recently-released promotional video is any indication, the all-electric F-150 will be everything that it’s fossil fuel-powered predecessors are, and more. In a demonstration, a video of which was uploaded on YouTube, the Detroit-based carmaker showcased how much cargo its upcoming battery-electric truck could actually tow. As it turns out, the figure lies somewhere between zero and 1.25 million pounds. 

To accomplish this feat, Ford brought over its electric pickup truck prototype with chief engineer Linda Zhang, who met with a group of avid F-150 owners. The engineer, after dramatically unveiling the prototype as an all-electric vehicle, proceeded to have the truck hooked up to 10 double-decker rail cars. After pulling the million-pound load for 1,000 feet, the team repeated the demonstration, this time adding an extra 42 gas-burning F-150s in the rail cars. Zhang mentioned that overall, the entire load — rail cars and F-150s included — was around 1.25 million pounds. 

Inasmuch as the demo was incredibly impressive, Ford was careful to note that the towing stunt was a “one-time short event demonstration.” The company also claimed that the feat was “far beyond any production truck’s published capacity.” Yet, despite these statements, it is difficult not to be impressed with Ford’s F-150 electric truck prototype. The demo, if any, almost seemed like the veteran carmaker was showing younger companies like Tesla and Rivian (both of which are entering the market with their own all-electric pickups) that it holds a notable level of mastery in truck-building. 

While Ford is yet to announce a concrete release date for its all-electric F-150, the company seems to be putting a lot of effort in ensuring that its upcoming EV initiative will be a success. The company, for example, has partnered with Volkswagen, which will allow Ford to use the German carmaker’s MEB architecture. Ford has also invested $500 million in electric truck startup Rivian, which will give the veteran automaker access to the startup’s skateboard platform. Ford plans to produce over a dozen electric and electrified models by 2022. 

Watch Ford’s F-150 electric truck prototype tow over a million pounds in the video below. 

SpaceX is set to become the only company in history to launch the same commercial space capsule to orbit three times, a milestone of orbital spacecraft reuse in an otherwise ‘routine’ Cargo Dragon mission to the International Space Station (ISS).

Known as CRS-18, the mission will (hopefully) see Cargo Dragon capsule C108 and a fresh trunk deliver several tons of cargo to the ISS, SpaceX’s second of three such launches planned for 2019. Beyond Cargo Dragon’s third trip to orbit, building upon SpaceX’s inaugural commercial spacecraft reuse back in June 2017, Falcon 9 B1056.1 will become the first flight-proven Block 5 booster to launch a NASA mission, potentially setting the particular core up for many more NASA reuses to come. CRS-18 is scheduled to launch no earlier than (NET) 6:24 pm EDT (21:24 UTC), July 24th.

SpaceX reused one of its Cargo Dragon (Dragon 1) capsules for the first time in June 2017, becoming the first company in history to recover and reuse an orbital-class spacecraft, much like the company is about to become the first to reuse a commercial spacecraft twice. Speaking at the ISSR&D 2017 conference, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk noted that – despite the fact that it was the first time a commercial entity (including SpaceX) had reused an orbital spacecraft – the cost of refurbishing Cargo Dragon C106 was no less than 50% cheaper than building a new capsule.

The cost-effectiveness of Cargo Dragon reuse has likely only improved in the two years since that historic first, meaning that SpaceX’s ISS resupply runs likely feature some extremely healthy margins for the company. According to an exhaustive 2017 analysis of CRS costs, the total cost of a single Cargo Dragon resupply mission is likely ~$175M (FY19). (Zapata, 2017)

Aside from CRS-18, SpaceX has two Dragon 1 launches remaining in its original CRS1 contract with NASA. Both will also necessarily make use of twice-flown capsules like CRS-18, leaving SpaceX with a retired fleet of no fewer than three thrice-flown and three twice-flown orbital spacecraft as Dragon 2 (Crew Dragon) takes the reins. Current schedules show SpaceX’s final CRS1 launch – CRS-20 – following CRS-19 (NET December 2019) in March 2020. Cargo Dragon 2’s launch debut is currently scheduled no earlier than August 2020 and – as all Cargo Dragon 2 launches – will reuse a lightly-modified, orbit-proven Crew Dragon capsule.

CRS-18: bad weather in spades

CRS-18 will likely face some of the worst weather SpaceX has ever experienced during an attempted Falcon 9 launch, with July 24th and the July 25th backup window carrying probabilities of violation (i.e. a scrub) of 70% and 80%, respectively. In other words, there is a measly 30% and 20% chance that Falcon 9 will be able to launch CRS-18 this Wednesday or Thursday.

Supporting the Cargo Dragon launch is Falcon 9 booster B1056.2, likely to set the second-fastest Falcon 9 turnaround time with just 80 days between its May 4th launch debut and CRS-18. SpaceX’s turnaround record currently stands at 74 days – a three-way tie between boosters B1048, B1052, and B1053. Additionally, B1056’s second launch will also mark the first time that NASA has reused a Block 5 booster, an important indication that the space agency is extremely comfortable with SpaceX’s latest Falcon 9 variant and its associated reuse procedures.

Stay tuned as Falcon 9 prepares to go vertical at Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 40 (LC-40) and the Air Force Station’s final T-24h launch day weather forecasts begin to roll in

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

SpaceX’s Elon Musk may imagine a nuclear device acting as an artificial sun on Mars for his long-term terraforming plans, but NASA has ultimately disagreed with his and others’ proposals thus far for the planet. With this in mind, Harvard University scientists have conducted a study using silica aerogel to create regionally terraformed parts of the planet instead. Their results were recently published in Nature Astronomy.

NASA’s message is clear: The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that would be required to warm Mars enough to provide the required atmospheric pressure for human survival is not present on the red planet.

“Transforming the inhospitable Martian environment into a place astronauts could explore without life support is not possible without technology well beyond today’s capabilities,” NASA concluded in a press release last year on the topic of making our neighbor into the next Earth. “Our results suggest that there is not enough CO2 (carbon dioxide) remaining on Mars to provide significant greenhouse warming were the gas to be put into the atmosphere; in addition, most of the CO2 gas is not accessible and could not be readily mobilized. As a result, terraforming Mars is not possible using present-day technology.”

The Harvard scientists who published the recent study have instead proposed a way around this problem by exchanging a planet-wide terraforming strategy for a local one. By covering certain areas of the Martian surface with a thin layer of silica aerogel, namely areas with large amounts of water ice, enough sunlight will come through for warming and combine with natural heating processes beneath the surface to create a potentially habitable environment.

“Specifically, we demonstrate via experiments and modelling that under Martian environmental conditions, a 2–3 cm-thick layer of silica aerogel will simultaneously transmit sufficient visible light for photosynthesis, block hazardous ultraviolet radiation and raise temperatures underneath it permanently to above the melting point of water, without the need for any internal heat source,” the study’s abstract detailed.

Once temperatures were adequate, the gases released from the ice in the lakes and regolith (soil) would build up to form a pressurized atmosphere under the aerogel layer. If successful up to that point, microbes and plant life could theoretically survive. “Placing silica aerogel shields over sufficiently ice-rich regions of the Martian surface could therefore allow photosynthetic life to survive there with minimal subsequent intervention,” the scientists suggested. This photosynthetic life would go on to produce oxygen for pickier Earth dwellers to utilize.

In addition to proposing the utilization of silica aerogel’s heat trapping properties, the research team also conducted tests using environmental factors that mimicked those on Mars. Their results thus far indicate that warming beyond the required temperature for liquid water would be readily available to implement as needed under the aerogel. These results are promising, but many more tests and in-situ research will also be necessary to prove the concept further.

While NASA’s findings published last year seem to dash SpaceX’s dream of eventually terraforming Mars (for the full picture, see their transforming coffee mug), this latest effort demonstrates that all options are not yet off the table. Perhaps if the Harvard team’s further studies and tests positively demonstrate the potential of their silica aerogel habitat idea, small regions throughout the planet could resemble Earth’s most ideal places – very similar to Earth itself.

Would these areas be akin to bubble cities and bubble parks? Would the aerogel cover geodesic structures, as is seen in many other Martian colony concepts? Even if all the answers aren’t in yet, the enthusiasm for finding answers is exciting.

Rivian’s all-electric R1T pickup truck and R1S SUV won’t find their way into customers’ hands until late next year, but the startup looks to be well on its way to a full production line. Over the weekend, the company’s official Twitter account teased its manufacturing progress with photos of several stamped metal frames hanging on racks inside one of their facilities.

“Busy making metal!” the company posted as a caption alongside the three images. Also revealed in the photos was Rivian’s logo stamped on the parts, assumingly for the R1T due to the gear tunnel opening, further confirming the automaker’s attention to detail.

The shared images are a welcome update on Rivian’s progress towards bringing its upcoming lineup to market. Several publicity campaigns to boost the brand have been carried out in recent months, altogether expanding anticipation for the company’s vehicles. However, that same anticipation can quickly transform into impatience. Releasing these production photos looks to be a nod towards that risk.

Busy making metal! pic.twitter.com/4y8PVRVxsf

— Rivian (@Rivian) July 20, 2019

Manufacturing progress wasn’t the only thing Rivian shared with its recent tweet. In response to a question about the company’s plans for a charging network, the company responded, “Rivian vehicles will utilize the CCS (Combined Charging System) standard charging network which is rapidly expanding.”

This detail was already assumed given the CCS port included on Rivian’s vehicles. Additionally, the confirmation doesn’t exclude any plans for a Rivian-produced network in the future, specifically ones located in remote locations that are popular for the adventure travel crowd. It does seem to indicate the company isn’t looking to create something akin to Tesla’s Supercharger Network, though.

During Rivian’s attendance at the New York International Auto Show in May this year, CEO RJ Scaringe reportedly discussed the possibility of an upcoming roadshow tour throughout the US with test drives to present the R1T and R1S to a nationwide audience. Further evidence of such a tour was indicated by Rivian’s job listings, one specifically for a “Test Driver” that would be tasked to perform “over the road durability testing” and “ride and drive demos of Rivian vehicles (Marketing Events, Customer Trade Shows),” among other responsibilities. That idea doesn’t look to still be in the works, however, according to Rivian’s tweets in the same thread about the manufacturing photos.

“We’re not offering test drives yet, but we look forward to getting people behind the wheel closer to production!” the company stated.

Whether or not test drives will be available in the near future, Rivian still has plenty of exciting things to look forward to like vehicle-specific camping accessories, self-driving software developments, and microgrid solar projects utilizing its expended batteries. Hopefully, more manufacturing-related images and news will continue to be shared by the company over the next year as production and delivery dates approach.

According to tweets published by CEO Elon Musk on July 21st, SpaceX’s combined Starship and Super Heavy launch vehicle (BFR) could have as many as 41 Raptor engines at liftoff.

As with all other aspects of SpaceX’s next-generation rocket, this is a sign that things remain in flux as the company nears the point at which a specific design will need to be settled on for the first flight-ready prototype(s). With 6 Raptors on the upper stage (Starship) and 35 Raptors on the first stage/booster (Super Heavy), the rocket will – without a doubt – be the most powerful launch vehicle ever developed when it attempts its inaugural launch.

Now expected to feature 35 Raptors in its final iteration, SpaceX’s Super Heavy booster can now be expected to produce a minimum of ~70,000 kN (15.7M lbf) of thrust at full throttle, assuming that all 35 Raptors are the throttleable ~2000 kN variant. According to Musk, SpaceX may also develop a simplified Raptor with minimal throttling that would produce upwards of ~2500 kN (550,000 lbf) of thrust.

If, say, 5 throttleable Raptors were kept as the center cluster of engines used for landing and critical recovery-related burns, a Super Heavy booster with 30 uprated Raptors could produce upwards of 85,000 kN (19.1M lbf) of thrust at launch. In no uncertain terms, a Super Heavy booster anywhere inside those rough bounds (70 MN to 85 MN) would be packing double the thrust of NASA’s Saturn V rocket and double the thrust of NASA’s in-development SLS rocket in its higher-thrust variants.

Put simply, this is a spectacular amount of thrust and energy, so much so that launching a c. 2019 BFR might very well destroy any launch pad in existence today, including SpaceX’s own Pad 39A. Rated and built – in some sense – for Nova, a 10 to 20 million pound-thrust rocket meant to follow Saturn V, it’s likely that Pad 39A would/will need some significant modifications to support a full-stack Starship/Super Heavy launch, especially with a full complement of Raptor engines installed. According to Musk, work has already begun on a Starship launch structure, while the vehicle’s ‘pad’ will be situated on the opposite side of Pad 39A as its Fixed Service Structure (FSS), the tower holding SpaceX’s Crew Access Arm (CAA).

If all goes well, Musk – likely telegraphing his old, wildly optimistic, “Musk-time” self – believes that the first Starship prototypes (one in Texas, one in Florida) will be ready for inaugural flight tests as early as September/October 2019.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.