LNG: TESLARATI

Late at night on July 22nd, SpaceX’s South Texas team of technicians and engineers were busy testing a small but critical component of Starhopper, a testbed and low-fidelity Starship prototype meant to attempt its first untethered flight test as early as July 24th.

Monday evening’s testing centered around Starhopper’s cold gas nitrogen thrusters, multi-nozzle assemblies that appear to have quite literally been taken off of flight-proven Falcon 9 boosters. For Starhopper, they will act in a similar – albeit significantly reduced – fashion, serving to control the giant steel prototype’s attitude and augment its lone Raptor engine’s own thrust vectoring (i.e. steering) capability.

Although SpaceX has never released official numbers for the thrust of the cold gas thrusters used on Falcon 9 boosters and upper stages, it’s safe to say from their performance that the low-efficiency nitrogen thrusters produce roughly 5 kN (~1100 lbf) of thrust, perhaps up to 10+ kN. For an almost empty Falcon 9 booster, this translates to extremely rapid (sub-10s) flip maneuvers during return-to-launch-site (RTLS) landings.

At the same time, Falcon boosters have two sizes of cold-gas thrusters, with much larger high-performance (>10 kN) pods – located on the larger of the booster’s two raceways – focused on settling the rocket’s propellant after recovery-related coast periods. A duo of smaller 3-axis pods situated on the outside of the interstage serve as true attitude control system (ACS) thrusters, precisely pointing, flipping, and orienting boosters during vacuum operations and partially augmenting grid fin control authority during the late stages of landings. Despite their much smaller size, they still pack an impressive punch and are famous for almost saving tipping Falcon boosters during early (failed) landing attempts.

Starhopper, meanwhile, is dramatically larger than the Falcon 9 and Heavy boosters its tacked-on ACS thruster pods were designed for. It’s hard to know for sure but safe estimates peg the testbed’s dry mass somewhere around 50-75 metric tons (110,000-165,000 lb) thanks to the thick steel it was constructed out of. In other words, Starhopper likely weighs at least twice as much as an empty Falcon 9 booster (~25 metric tons).

To alleviate this mismatch, SpaceX arrived at a hilariously simple and cheap solution: install double the number of grave-robbed Falcon 9 thruster pods on Starhopper and voila! It was that duo of thruster pod pairs that were tested on July 22nd, visibly producing four distinct jets of pressurized nitrogen gas. Whenever Starhopper gets to hopping, those ACS thrusters should help the rocket precisely control its rotation, attitude, and – to a lesser extent – translation, hopefully helping to ensure a successful inaugural hover and divert test.

Scheduled to occur no earlier than Wednesday, July 24th, SpaceX plans to deconflict Cargo Dragon’s CRS-18 launch and Starhopper’s hover test, meaning that they will not happen simultaneously. In the ~70%-likely event that bad Florida weather delays CRS-18 to Thursday, July 25th, the road before Starhopper will be clear for an attempted hover on the 24th. Additionally, also reported first by NASASpaceflight.com, the test is expected to involve a divert, meaning that Starhopper will lift off, hover roughly 20m (65 ft) off the ground, and then carefully travel a few hundred feet East to a recently-constructed concrete pad for a soft landing.

Note they will want to deconflict with CRS-18, so if that launch is still on (dodgy weather) then perhaps hours before, or after launch? OR, *personal wish!!* go from CRS-18 webcast and then pad cameras at Boca Chica on the SpaceX webcast! 🐉➡️🤠

— Chris B – NSF (@NASASpaceflight) July 23, 2019

This divert was tacitly confirmed by the arrival of a robotic transport mechanism, already used once before to move Starhopper from its build site to the launch pad. If the divert goes as planned, the transport equipment will be used to return Starhopper to its spartan launch mount and ground support equipment (GSE) umbilicals.

If Starhopper survives and Raptor SN06 performs nominally, it’s all but certain that the testbed rocket will be put through a series of increasingly ambitious test flights over the coming months – at least before SpaceX’s first higher-fidelity “Mk 1” Starship prototypes begin their own flight tests. According to CEO Elon Musk, those Starship test hops and flights could begin as few as 2-3 months from now – September or October 2019.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

A recent report from one of Indonesia’s oldest news agencies has stated that American electric car maker Tesla is looking to build a lithium battery raw material factory in the Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) area, located in the Central Sulawesi province, Indonesia. 

The update comes amidst the recent comments of Maritime Affairs Coordinating Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, who named Tesla as one of the companies that are reportedly looking to build battery facilities in the region. Speaking at the Presidential Palace in Jakarta on Tuesday, Pandjaitan mentioned that Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) and LG would also be operating their own facilities in the Morowali area. 

Provided that the facility does break ground, Tesla’s lithium battery raw material factory in Indonesia will reportedly be aiming for completion in around three years. 

While Tesla is yet to announce or confirm the reports from the Indonesian media outlet, the country’s government is already preparing to welcome the arrival of the massive battery companies, including the Silicon Valley-based electric car maker. Pandjaitan, for his part, claimed that a Presidential Regulation (Perpres) for Electric Vehicles would soon be signed by Indonesian President Joko Widodo. 

“It was completed. The president may sign the perpres (presidential decree) in the next few days,” the Maritime Affairs Coordinating Minister said, according to Antara News.  

Once signed, companies such as CATL, LG, and Tesla will be able to avail of several incentives. Among these is the elimination or reduction of taxes, as well as the exemption of import duties related to the needs of the companies’ operations. 

Antara is one of Indonesia’s oldest news agencies. Founded in 1937 while the country was still a Dutch colony, Antara has emerged as the country’s national news agency. It is also the only agency authorized by the State to distribute news materials created by foreign media organizations. With this in mind, the reports of Tesla’s interest in Indonesia’s Morowali area are, at the very least, being related by one of the country’s most legitimate media organizations. 

Tesla has expressed its intention to develop and produce its own battery cells. During the 2019 Annual Shareholder Meeting, Tesla CTO JB Straubel and VP for Technology Drew Baglino, together with CEO Elon Musk, spoke about the company’s need to secure large-scale battery cell production. Musk even commented that Tesla could end up in the mining business to acquire the necessary materials for its vehicles’ and energy storage products’ cells. 

Reports from CNBC last month have also suggested that Tesla is already in the process of designing its own battery cells at a “skunkworks lab” located in the company’s Kato Road facility, just a few minutes from the Fremont, CA factory. According to the publication’s sources, Tesla is currently researching ways to make its batteries better, and coming up with ways to mass-produce the cells in a faster, more efficient manner.

The United States’ emerging all-electric pickup truck market is getting more interesting. Right after demonstrating the mammoth towing capabilities of its electric F-150 pickup, Ford stated that it is confident that it will maintain its lead in the US truck market despite the arrival of competitors from other, more aggressive companies. This includes Tesla, which is expected to unveil its own battery-electric pickup later this year. 

The statements were related by Ford Chief Product Development Officer Hau Thai-Tang during a segment of Yahoo Finance’s The First Trade. While speaking about the electric F-150’s impressive 1-million-pound towing demonstration, the Ford exec was asked if he views Tesla as a credible competitor. Thai-Tang was clear on Ford’s stance, expressing the carmaker’s confidence in the pickup truck segment. 

“We wanna focus on the Ford plan. We have dominated this segment; it’s the best-selling truck for 42 years. We think combining Built Ford Tough with electrification exemplifies all of those attributes customers love. We want to build on the leadership we have had,” he said. 

The Ford exec also reminded the show’s hosts that the pickup truck market is a very competitive segment, and it is one that Ford has dominated for years. Thai-Tang also emphasized that Ford welcomes any competition, and that it has great respect for rival companies preparing to enter the electric pickup market. The executive further noted that amidst the arrival of competitors, Ford would be focusing on its core strengths. 

“The pickup truck business is very competitive. Ford has dominated it. It’s a huge profit driver for us, and we want to maintain that leadership and continue to build a moat around that store. We don’t take any of our competitors for granted; we have a lot of respect for all of them — we just want to focus on doing what we do well,” he said. 

The Ford Chief Product Development Officer’s comments bode well for the emerging electric pickup truck market. The segment is massive, as evidenced by the F-150 being one of the pillars of Ford’s business today. As such, it is encouraging to see a veteran such as Ford welcoming the competition from rivals. Instead of taking aim at upstart companies like Tesla, the Detroit-based automaker seems to be focused on simply doing what it does best. 

If there is something that seems to need improvement, it is Ford’s timeframe for its impressive all-electric F-150. The exec noted that a hybrid version of the F-150 will be released on the market in 2020, though he stated that a battery-electric version is still a “couple of years out.” This is a shame, as the all-electric prototype utilized in its recent 1-million-pound towing demonstration already seemed to be quite refined. Considering the interest and positive reception received by the electric F-150, Ford might end up miscalculating its strategy by not expediting the vehicle’s release.

Tesla, for its part, is preparing to release a pickup truck that Elon Musk describes as a “cyberpunk” vehicle, one that will not look out of place in the Blade Runner franchise. Musk has expressed his enthusiasm for the Tesla Pickup Truck, even noting that it is a vehicle he is most excited about. Tesla’s pickup will be competitive in price as well, with Musk stating that the truck will start at $49,000 at most.

Microsoft’s interest in expanding its Azure cloud computing service to include artificial intelligence (AI) supercomputing technologies has led to a new partnership agreement with the Elon Musk-backed company, OpenAI. An investment of $1 billion dollars was recently made by Microsoft into the venture to develop an Azure-based hardware and software platform that will scale to artificial general intelligence (AGI). In turn, OpenAI will use Microsoft as their exclusive cloud provider.

OpenAI is a nonprofit AI research organization co-founded by Musk, serial entrepreneur Peter Thiel, and Y Combinator’s Sam Altman with the goal of developing beneficial, open source AI to combat any future rise of harmful AI. Musk stepped down from the Board of Directors in early 2018 to avoid any conflicts with Tesla’s Autopilot program; however, he still remains as a benefactor and advisor. Tesla’s Director of AI and Autopilot Vision, Andrej Karpathy, previously worked as a neural network researcher for OpenAI.

While the venture is backed by significant private investment, the long-term goals of OpenAI require even greater resources. The company’s motivation to create the new investment partnership with Microsoft was partially due to financial constraints caused by computing hardware needs. The financial requirements to retain top talent are also significant – OpenAI’s tax filings from 2016 revealed its top researcher was paid a $1.9 million dollar salary, with others receiving significant amounts as well.

“OpenAI is producing a sequence of increasingly powerful AI technologies, which requires a lot of capital for computational power. The most obvious way to cover costs is to build a product, but that would mean changing our focus. Instead, we intend to license some of our pre-AGI technologies, with Microsoft becoming our preferred partner for commercializing them,” OpenAI’s press release announcing the new partnership explained.

The connection between Microsoft and OpenAI is not new. In 2016, the companies jointly announced they were working together to run most of OpenAI’s large-scale experiments on Azure, making it their primary cloud platform for deep learning and AI. Azure had hardware configurations optimized for AI computing needs and a roadmap to expand those capabilities even further. One of the stated joint goals between Microsoft and OpenAI is the democratization of AI, and cloud computing is a large part of making that a reality as hardware and software resources are no longer required to be local to the user.

OpenAI has already created some impressive AI capabilities. In August last year, company bots created for the video game Dota 2 defeated a team of highly skilled human players in two games out of three. To accomplish the task, serious amounts of hardware and training were required. The nonprofit research lab employed a scaled-up version of Proximal Policy Optimization running on 256 GPUs and 128,000 cores to complete roughly 180 years worth of gameplay every day through reinforcement learning, which allowed the bots to develop advanced skills for the game. An open source gym for training AI with games was also released by the company.

In 2017, OpenAI announced that it had successfully trained its AI-powered robots to perform a task after watching it once in virtual reality. After showing a robot how to stack a series of colored blocks in a virtual reality simulation, it was then able to successfully mimic the actions. To accomplish this, OpenAI trained the robot in a simulated, virtual environment with nuances like lighting, shadows and backgrounds noise so that when in the real environment, it knew to filter out noise and focus on only important elements as a human brain would.

OpenAI also successfully taught AI bots to create their own language for communicating with each other in 2017. A paper was published on the topic which explained how the bots used reinforcement learning to accomplish simple goals through trial and error. After being given clues such as “Go to” or “Look at” by the researchers, the bots were then required to create their own machine language to communicate with each other.

The company’s latest commitment to Microsoft will now expand their access to resources to achieve even more impressive artificial intelligence feats.

During Tesla’s second-quarter earnings call, CEO Elon Musk announced that longtime Chief Technology Officer JB Straubel would be stepping back from his active duties and taking a senior advisor role in the electric car maker. Taking his place as Tesla’s full-time CTO will be Vice President of Technology Drew Baglino, who also boasts a long tenure with the company. 

While his departure from his active post as CTO came as a surprise, Straubel was quick to point out that he is not disappearing from Tesla. With his senior advisor role, he will still be working on several of Tesla’s bleeding edge initiatives, particularly those that involve new technologies and innovations. Straubel even remarked that he is quite excited to keep working on a number of projects. 

“I’m not disappearing, and I just wanted to make sure that people understand that this was not some, you know, lack of confidence in the company, or the team, or anything like that. I love the Tesla team,” he said, adding that he has full confidence in the capabilities of his successor, Drew Baglino. 

Baglino, for his part, noted that it would not be an easy task living up to Straubel’s legacy. “I’ll just say, you know, obviously, big, big shoes to fill,” Baglino said. 

While discussing Straubel’s departure from his active CTO post and his years with the company, Musk sounded notably emotional. The two men, after all, have been with Tesla since its early days — Straubel being the engineer behind the company’s battery technologies and Musk being the company’s primary investor. Prior to his work at Tesla, Musk had already been funding Straubel’s research in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles. 

The longtime CEO’s transition to a senior advisory role comes as the second C-suite change in the company. Earlier this year, longtime CFO Deepak Ahuja announced his (second) retirement from Tesla, naming the young yet veteran employee Zach Kirkhorn as his successor.

Update: Starhopper briefly ignited its single Raptor engine before a methane vent caught fire and the hover test was rapidly aborted. The prototype rocket does not appear to have left the ground, the fire is now out, and SpaceX is reportedly analyzing opportunities for another hover test attempt tonight (July 24th).

SpaceX’s Starhopper aborts first free flight after igniting Raptor engine, catching fire

According to updates from NASASpaceflight.com, SpaceX’s Starhopper prototype remains on track for a planned hover test debut later this evening (July 24th), set to become the first time the vehicle has flown in an untethered configuration.

Despite suffering a minor fireball on July 17th following a successful Raptor static fire test, Starhopper was quickly deemed to be unharmed and any minor damage suffered was easily repaired in a handful of days. Delayed from early to mid-July due to issues with Raptor SN05 that led to Raptor SN06 taking its place as the hover test engine of choice, SpaceX has nevertheless taken that and other hurdles in stride and is now ready for Starhopper’s first untethered flight test.

According to tireless Boca Chica local Mary (username BocaChicaGal), Starhopper fueling began around 6:10 pm Central Time (CDT), just a few minutes behind SpaceX’s nominal hover test schedule. Due to just how close local residents are to Starhopper’s launch pad, the actual act of propellant loading – enabled by strong pumps – is easily audible to residents and visitors of Boca Chica Village.

Assuming Starhopper operations are similar to Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, the unusual Starship testbed and prototype should be ready for its inaugural untethered flight, hover, and divert test sometime between 7 pm and 8 pm CDT (5-6 pm PDT). According to CEO Elon Musk, the test will be livestreamed by SpaceX itself, on top of an array of unofficial livestreams hosted by local residents and visitors.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

Speaking in a mid-July interview with a CNBC correspondent, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk stated that he believed the company’s Crew Dragon spacecraft was likely 6-8 months away from an inaugural launch with astronauts aboard.

Elaborating a bit, he noted that SpaceX was aiming to realize that milestone in four months, while he expected – per past experience – the reality to fall somewhere between the bounds of four and eight months. Sadly, the interviewer – speaking a few days prior to a major Crew Dragon anomaly update – was either uninterested in or unaware of the spacecraft’s April 20th explosion and the several months of delays expected to follow. As such, Musk made no comments on the status of the investigation, but his comments still mesh well with info provided during the official July 15th update.

Put to dates, the SpaceX CEO believes that Crew Dragon could be ready for its inaugural astronaut launch as early as November 2019 and – optimistically – no later than March 2020. Splitting the difference, he settled on January 2020 (“six months”) as a moderate estimate for when that milestone is most likely to occur.

Specifically, Hans Koenigsmann stated that it wasn’t technically impossible for Crew Dragon’s DM-2 (crewed test flight) launch to occur in 2019, but it would soon become impossible if any additional delays occurred (very likely). NASA Commercial Crew manager Kathy Lueders also chose not to rule out the possibility that DM-2 could launch in 2019 but emphasized that a large amount of work remained, particularly on the NASA paperwork side of things.

As such, CEO Elon Musk appears to be spot-on in his estimate that Crew Dragon is most likely to launch its first astronauts sometime between January and March 2020. The likely slip into 2020 is certainly disappointing, coming nearly three years after the Commercial Crew Program (CCP) was initially expected to bear human-launching fruit. Chronic underfunding by pro-SLS members of Congress in the years following CCP’s major 2014 kick-off (CCtCap) almost certainly contributed to these delays, as earlier test flights would likely have lead to similarly early failures (normal for speedy spaceflight development programs), thus potentially allowing operational crewed launches to begin a year or two earlier.

Given the confluence of both Koenigsmann’s Lueders’, and Musk’s conservative optimism, the pragmatic space fan would do well to expect Crew Dragon’s crewed launch debut to occur no earlier than 2020 but retain hope for a late-December 2019 liftoff.

Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.

Audi appears to be doubling down on its e-tron offensive, this time promoting the all-electric SUV in front of a Tesla store in Germany. A photo of the marketing initiative was posted recently on social media, just days after reports emerged that the German automaker was placing e-trons in Tesla Superchargers across Europe, in what appeared to be an attempt at persuading Tesla owners to abandon their vehicles and shift to the 204-mile SUV. 

An image of Audi’s more assertive e-tron push was posted online by electric vehicle enthusiast Provotroll1, who shared a photo of the all-electric SUV being marketed in front of a Tesla store in Stuttgart, Germany. Based on the image, the e-tron appeared to be attracting some attention from passers-by, with several people checking out the vehicle. 

Audi’s decision to place an e-tron booth in front of Tesla’s store in Stuttgart will likely prove to be a more effective strategy than bringing the vehicle to Superchargers. The Supercharger Network, after all, is one of Tesla’s key advantages over the e-tron, as Audi’s all-electric SUV relies on third-party chargers for long-distance travel. Thus, bringing the e-tron to Superchargers actually highlights the vehicle’s inferiority to Tesla’s electric cars. 

Audi, for its part, has explained that the Supercharger-focused marketing efforts were the individual strategies of its dealers. “This was a one-time marketing action of one of our German dealers. All Audi dealers are independent companies,” an Audi spokesperson stated. 

This is not the case with the e-tron’s marketing strategy in Stuttgart. By placing the vehicle in front of a Tesla store, Audi appears to be issuing a direct challenge at its younger competitor. This is particularly notable, considering that Stuttgart is an area where Audi holds a strong presence. Stuttgart is a key city for the German automotive industry as well, being the site of Porsche’s main factory and Mercedes-Benz’s headquarters. 

Despite undergoing a recall for a potential fire risk, the Audi e-tron has been receiving praise from noteworthy reviewers. Consumer Reports, for one, lauded the vehicle’s quiet cabin and its premium interior materials, with journalist Mike Quincy stating that it was the “nicest EV I’ve ever driven” to date and that he “like(s) it more than any of the Teslas we’ve driven.” Describing the vehicle’s acceleration, which is notably slower than a Model X, CR Deputy Content Editor Jon Linkov noted that the e-tron has “more of an elegant pull-away.” compared to the snappy acceleration of other EVs like Tesla’s electric cars.