LNG: TESLARATI

SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has posted a unique, uninterrupted view of Falcon 9’s latest landing, completed by booster B1056 on July 25th after successfully launching Cargo Dragon on its 18th mission (CRS-18) to the International Space Station (ISS).

Combining four separate views, the video also happens to feature an extremely rare instance of audio clearly recorded from a microphone on Falcon 9 itself, capturing the roar and violence of engine ignition and putting sound to the booster’s hypersonic dive through Earth’s thickening atmosphere.

The synchronized videos begin somewhere in the middle of booster B1056’s atmospheric reentry, smashing head-on through the rapidly thickening air thanks to its nearly perpendicular orientation relative to the ground. During return-to-launch-site (RTLS) recoveries, Falcon 9 and Heavy boosters essentially launch themselves even higher above the point at which they separate from the rest of the rocket. This maneuver typically leads to an apogee 150+ km (100+ mi) above the Earth’s surface, at which point the booster effectively begins a free-fall all the way back to the landing zone.

The video more or less starts at the point that the heating caused by reentry becomes a concern for the booster’s health, signified by the immediate start of a three-engine reentry burn. With said burn, SpaceX quite literally uses the exhaust plume produced as a sort of brake or shield, protecting Falcon 9’s first stage from the worst of the leading-edge heating that would otherwise risk damage to its octaweb and Merlin engines.

Most recently, the potential issues that heating can cause were exemplified by Falcon Heavy center core B1057’s failed June 2019 landing attempt, likely caused by damage suffered by the Merlin 1D landing engine during SpaceX’s fastest booster reentry ever.

Falcon 9 B1056 thankfully suffered no such issues on its much lower-energy reentry and landing at LZ-1. The booster has now completed its second launch and landing a little over 80 days after its flight debut and is already being ‘broken over’ (a term used by SpaceX to describe the process of preparing a recovered booster for horizontal transport) at the Landing Zone, the first step – after landing, of course – towards reuse.

Thanks to that successful second launch and landing, itself a milestone for NASA’s acceptance of Falcon 9 Block 5 reusability, B1056 now has a strong shot at becoming the first Falcon 9 booster to launch three NASA missions. Pending a good post-launch inspection and NASA’s go-ahead, B1056’s next flight will likely be a third Cargo Dragon launch (CRS-19) set to occur no earlier than December 2019, hopefully giving SpaceX plenty of time to soothe any NASA concerns heading into the space agency’s first attempted launch on a twice-flown booster.

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Last week, Ford made headlines when it released a video of its upcoming F-150 electric pickup truck pulling what could only be described as an unreal amount of weight. In the demonstration, the upcoming vehicle pulled ten double-decker rail cars, both empty and loaded with 42 gas-burning F-150s. The weight of the rail cars with the pickups in them was a whopping 1.25 million pounds, but the F-150 EV was able to pull everything without any issue. 

The demonstration was incredibly impressive, instantly eclipsing the feats of strength from other notable vehicles like the Tesla Model X, which pulled a Boeing 787 Dreamliner, and the Toyota Tundra, which towed a Space Shuttle. According to auto enthusiast and mechanical engineer Jason Fenske of YouTube’s Engineering Explained channel, though, Ford’s demonstration is actually far easier than it looked. 

Fenske notes that both the 787 Dreamliner and Space Shuttle pulled by the Model X and Tundra rode on rubber tires. On the other hand, the rail cars pulled by the electric Ford F-150 rested on steel wheels riding on steel railroad tracks. This, the engineer explains, makes a notable difference, particularly with regards to the coefficient of rolling resistance (the ratio of the force required to pull a rotational mass).

“Steel does not deform much at all, which is why railroads use steel wheels on steel tracks. This adds up to an extremely low coefficient of rolling resistance—about 0.0015. To pull a 10,000-pound train across a level surface, you only need a 15-pound force. For a truck to move a 1.25-million-pound train, it only requires about 1,875 pounds of force,” Fenske wrote. 

The engineer adds that generally, the maximum force a 4WD truck can generate will be equivalent to its weight, mostly due to the grip of its tires. Since the electric Ford F-150 prototype used in the demonstration was most certainly over 1,875 pounds, it would really have no issues pulling the 1.25-million-pound load. Had the F-150 EV attempted such a feat with a load equipped with pneumatic tires on pavement, the demonstration would most definitely have resulted in a much different outcome. 

Fenske’s points were outlined in an article on Road & Track, which delved more into the math behind Ford’s demonstration. A Ford spokesperson has responded to Fenske’s arguments, pointing out that the engineer’s calculations did not evaluate acceleration. The engineer wrote that he is currently waiting for Ford to provide more information about the demo, in order to calculate exactly how much power the demonstration took.

While the F-150 EV’s feat of strength could be explained by the automaker’s choice of cargo, the demonstration remains pretty impressive nonetheless. It does, if any, raise interest in the upcoming vehicle. Unfortunately, Ford Chief Product Development Officer Hau Thai-Tang noted during an interview with Yahoo Finance’s The First Trade that the all-electric version of the F-150 is still “a couple of years out,” though a hybrid version will be released in 2020.

Rivian’s Associate Director of Self-Driving, Oliver Jeromin, discussed a driver monitoring system that’s part of the company’s full self-driving suite in a recent interview. Thanks to a recently published patent application by the all-electric carmaker, more details about how such a system would work are now available.

The patent application, titled “Occupant Awareness Monitoring for Autonomous Vehicles,” was published on July 25, 2019, under serial number US 2019/0225228. It describes a multi-part system wherein driver activity is interpreted through synced wireless devices either on a smartphone or directly with the vehicle itself. If a driver’s awareness is needed and determined not to be available, the vehicle will take remedial action to ensure a high level of safety.

The five levels of vehicle autonomy defined by the Society for Automotive Engineers (SAE) (and adopted by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) range from level 0 with no automation to level 5 with full automation. Levels 3-5 specifically require that their human driver (or passenger if Level 5) be ready to retake control of the vehicle or respond in some way under specific circumstances. That said, Rivian’s invention described in this application seeks to detect whether the necessary level of readiness is present in the driver.

Rivian’s driver monitoring patent application. | Image: Rivian/USPTO

Rivian’s driver monitoring patent application. | Image: Rivian/USPTO

“The present inventors have recognized the technological problem of a potential need for human intervention in connection with the operation of autonomous automotive vehicles featuring autonomy levels 3, 4, or 5, and have observed a need for a technological solution to monitor the awareness of vehicle occupants,” the application states in the background portion of the description.

The monitoring process is described to work as follows:

1. Connect, by vehicle, to wireless device of vehicle occupant.
2. Receive, by vehicle, signal from wireless device indicative of activity of the vehicle occupant and processing the signal to determine level of awareness of vehicle occupant.
3. Determine whether level of awareness of vehicle occupant satisfies a threshold.
4. Generate, by vehicle, alert based upon whether level of awareness of vehicle occupant satisfies threshold.

To accomplish these steps, Rivian proposes in the application to pair electronic devices that can track and provide driver data to the automated driving program, e.g., general smartphones or tablets, finesses trackers, and electronically connected medical devices. If a driver is watching a movie or has vital signs indicating sleep (breathing rate, pulse, etc.), the vehicle would know the driver is not ready to resume control if needed and respond appropriately.

Also described in the patent application are enforcement ideas such as a series of touch screen prompts requiring a response, and in the event of no response, the vehicle would pull over and stop. If an emergency situation were detected via the connected medical devices, the car would pull over and call 911. Along with a fitness tracker, other medical devices suggested for use in the application are glucose monitors, blood oxygen monitors, and breathalyzers.

Driver attentiveness while using self-driving features is already a problem under Level 2 programs where warning prompts are fairly strict about keeping eyes on the road. Tesla, for instance, regularly reminds its customers that Autopilot isn’t a full self-driving system yet and needs complete driver attention. However, as headlines and Tesla crash investigations have indicated, the warning isn’t always heeded.

Rivian’s driver monitoring system certainly sounds like a good step towards increasing safety measures as the carmaker continues to develop its product lines. The proposed syncing of medical devices might run into some resistance on privacy grounds, but the overall payoff that a safe self-driving experience will provide may find cause for compromise. Overall, it’s clear Rivian has safety as a priority as it prepares to enter the automotive arena with the R1T pickup truck and R1S SUV later next year.

Details about Tesla’s upcoming pickup truck are relatively few and far between, so even small updates are welcome among the all-electric car maker’s community of enthusiasts. That said, CEO Elon Musk recently revealed the final details of the truck are underway and its unveiling should be in two to three months.

“We’re close, but the magic is in the final details. Maybe 2 to 3 months,” Musk teased on Twitter in reference to the Tesla Truck’s reveal timeline.

The last major update from Musk about the cyberpunk-styled truck was given during the recently-held 2019 Annual Shareholder Meeting. During the event, the vehicle’s design, towing capacity, and performance were briefly discussed, Musk specifically noting that the truck’s stats would be comparable or even better than a base Porsche 911. He further estimated its unveiling date to be near the end of summer 2019 which is in line with his most recent comments on the timeline.

To be comparable to a Porsche 911 in terms of speed, the Tesla Truck should have a 0-60 mph time of about 4 seconds. Perhaps a closer rival, though, would be the Rivian R1T pickup truck which is expected to boast a 0-60 mph time of 3 seconds. In terms of towing capacity, however, Musk chose the #1 selling truck in the world for comparison – the Ford F-series. “If the (Ford) F-150 can tow it, the Tesla truck can do it,” he boasted during the Annual Shareholder Meeting.

With such impressive claims in mind, it’s no wonder that the website AutoWise recently found the Tesla Truck to be the most talked about truck on Twitter, beating out the F-150. After an analysis of 100,000 geotagged tweets, AutoWise determined that Tesla had captured the majority of social media conversations on the platform, particularly in the northern half of the US and the two coasts. Notably, the F-150 still remains popular in the south, which may prove challenging for Musk’s unique approach to the Tesla Truck’s design. The CEO has admitted on several occasions that its Blade Runner-inspired form might not appeal to a wide audience, the traditional truck crowd in particular.

Of all the aspects of Tesla’s upcoming truck that has received attention, the starting price has received a lion’s share: $49,000. The amount was revealed during Musk’s recent appearance at Tesla owner-enthusiast Ryan McCaffrey‘s Ride the Lightning podcast, among other details. Incredibly enough, Musk also pointed out that Tesla is looking to offer the vehicle at “well under” $50,000. “You should be able to buy a really great truck for $49k or less,” he said. Rivian’s all-electric R1T pickup truck is said to start at $69,000, but the company’s vehicle design is much more traditional overall, which may be a competitive feature despite the price hike over Tesla’s truck.

One Tesla enthusiast have decided not to wait for the pickup’s unveiling or availability in order to own it and opted to build one using a Model 3 as the base. YouTuber and robot-enthusiast Simone Giertz constructed her very own “Truckla” with some assistance from a few knowledgeable individuals including Tesla rebel mechanic Rich Benoit of the Rich Rebuilds channel. The final design resembled a coupe utility vehicle in the spirit of classic muscle cars such as the Chevrolet El Camino.

Despite only having an abstract glimpse of the front of the Tesla Truck from a photo revealed at the Model Y unveiling (and later via Elon Musk’s Twitter account because no one noticed it at the event), the excitement is clearly quite strong for the vehicle. The timeline appears to be holding steady, so hopefully Tesla and Musk won’t keep the crowd waiting much longer.